Torts - Contracts - Employment Law .. Discussions Essay

Torts - Contracts - Employment Law .. Discussions - Essay Example For a conduct to be deemed tortious, it must contain some particular characteristics. Without these features, an act might not be considered as a tort. While the society is still evolving new forms of torts are bound to be created, while the seemingly uncivilized or unworthy torts might be abolished. For example, negligence used to be a very broad phrase that implied to any form of breach of the peace, although it has evolved to become a separate entity. To some extent laws to do with torts have changed over time with respect to case law. For instance, it is through successive cases that legal principles come to be created or developed. (Dolinger, 14) The main purpose of having a contract is to create an agreement that the parties have established and to fix the rights and duties, according to that particular agreement. Moreover, courts of law are often brought on board to enforce a valid contract as it was established. However, it must be understood that different contracts are treated differently with varying circumstances. For a contract to be formed, all the circumstances must be assessed to see if; the offerer has given an â€Å"offer†, and if the offeree, has agreed that particular offer. Furthermore, in an event of a breach of contract the involved parties are allowed to sue. However, this must also happen in certain circumstances, such as within the statute of limitations. Statutes of limitations refer to laws that establish the deadline, within which a claim or lawsuit may be filed. Although more than often, contract’s deadlines vary based on the circumstances of the case, the nature of the case, geographic location, and whether the claim or suit is filed in state or federal. This is just a snippet of circumstances that normally revolve around contracts. (Chirelstein, 139) Due to the increasing workplace discrimination, there have been a lot of outcries to expand protected

World Literature Essay Example for Free

World Literature Essay In this introductory lecture it better to say something about the intimate connection between English literature and English history. They go hand in hand: they are both sides of the same coin. English history is considered as the fundamental base for English literature. A history of English literature has therefore a national, as well as a personal character and interest. The inner life of each generation is revealed in the literature. In studying English literature, according to the chronological method of history, let us always try to think of it as the progressive revelation of the mind and spirit of the English people. We shall look in detail at the social and cultural history of the centuries in which the British literary tradition has grown, and explore the historical experience as well as the literary importance of the writers it considers. English literature as an integral part of the world cultural heritage English literature is an integral part of the world cultural heritage. The best traditions of English art have enriched the world literature. The masterpieces of English prose and poetry were translated into almost all languages, thus winning the recognition far overseas. Together we shall explore the long, jagged /? d? ag? d/ history of writing in the British Isles, from the Anglo-Saxon and the early Christian period up to the present day. Strong emphasis is made on the growth and development of the English language, and how changing understanding of the nature of language has affected the growth of writing. The British Isles have always been a multilingual landscape, and the language or rather languages have always been in constant change. The Celtic /? k? lt? k/ heritage, the Viking invasion, the Norman invasion, the deep penetration of Latin as the lingua franca /? l gw? ?fra? k? / a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different. – all are part of the great word-stock we call English. And that has led to no less profound changes in language’s most developed form of expression – that is, in its oral and, above all, its written literature. Today, for a variety of different historical reasons, English has become the world’s first language, the modern lingua franca. It is used in all six continents as first, second or third language. Over 300 million people today speak it as a mother tongue; another 300 million use it regularly as a second language. All over the world, authors write in English, to describe worlds, landscapes, cultures for which the language itself was not originally devised. This has led to an extraordinary expansion not just in the spread but also in the vocabulary, structure and power of the language, which some contemporary writers ignore at their peril. Literature written in the British Isles is read everywhere. This vivid, expanding, difficult language is one of the world’s richest. Part of that richness comes from the remarkable history of its literary use. This is a language that has constantly recreated itself. The Anglo-Saxon of the Beowulf poet is a quite different English from that of the travelled and educated Geoffrey Chaucer, writing under the influence of court French, even while he was recreating the contemporary vernacular /v nakj? l? / the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people of a country or region. The rich Elizabethan / l? z bi (? )n/ English is something else again – and different from the more formalized, Latinate /? lat? ne? t/ language of John Milton. Dickens’s English carries the noise of the Victorian streets of London when it was the world’s biggest city. The language of writers today is shaped by contemporary multi-culturalism, by streets that are noisy with different sounds and by the universal spread of travel and contact. So there is still a tradition to be remembered: a sequence of forms, myths, preoccupations, cultural debates, literary and artistic trends, great and influential literary movements. The flowering of verse in Anglo-Saxon times and again in the Middle Ages constructed a poetic tradition that still has influence on the most experimental poets of today. The flowering of drama in the Elizabethan age has, despite many transformations, founded a lineage /? l? n d? / direct descent from an ancestor that still has its impact on the theatricality of modern playwrights. The remarkable emergence of the novel as a popular form in Britain in the early eighteenth century not only composed a form in which some of the essential stories of national life have been told, but helped create what is now one of our most important and popular of literary genres, practised right across the world. Any writer draws in many ways on the previous heritage of the form he or she uses, the devices and artifices / t? f? s/ clever or cunning devices or expedients it has developed, the cultural energies it has acquired, the themes and experiences it has explored. The same is true of the history of the language, that elegant instrument of expression which has taken on such a complicated shape over time. A literary language goes through a great range of adventures and experiments. Forms and genres take shape: the comedy and the tragedy, the ode /d/ and the epic / p? k/, the novel and the dramatic poem, blank verse and stream of consciousness /? k? n sn? s/. Literary language moves between high formality and vernacular ease; common speech frequently transforms conventions when they grow fixed, so creating – as with the Romantic movement – a major literary and emotional revolution. Tradition deposits a vast stock of words and meanings, complex grammatical and artistic devices: simile and metaphor, irony and burlesque /b l? sk/ and satire. Literature is our link with great humane /hjme? n/ and moral ideas; it is part of the advancement of learning and the imaginative / mad n? t? v/ understanding of other people’s lived experience. Literature is always an experiment, as significant and innovative as any in medicine and science – as well as an eternal story of the power of the human imagination. The true tradition of literature is never simply national; it never has been. Writers constantly venture out of their own landscapes, borrow from other traditions and other tongues, welcome in travellers or influences from elsewhere. This course rightly emphasises the relationships among the different traditions within the British Isles, and their relation with other traditions beyond. But every new writer of significance shifts the tradition slightly, adding something of his or her own, extending, sometimes totally upturning, what has gone before. At the beginning of the twenty first century, a time with its own conviction of deep and fundamental change in political, gender and global relations, as well as in science and the technologies, that extending and upturning is visibly happening again, as it did at the start of the twentieth century. Yet writing still needs the past and the tradition – if only as a help in discovering the present, and prospecting the future. So, my task as a lecturer is to lead the way as effectively as possible to the works of past and present that show you British writing does have a long and fascinating history. Periodization For the sake of convenience, the history of English literature is divided into periods.

Marketing plan of Philips laptop

Marketing plan of Philips laptop INTRODUCTION: PHILIPS: Slogan sense and simplicity Industry- electronics Key people- Founder Gerard Philips CEO-Gerard Kleisterlee Chairman- Michiel Hessels Employees- 121,400 in 2007 The company was founded by Gerard Philips and established on 1891, in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. Its first product was light bulbs. In the 1920s, the company started to manufacture other products, like- Vacuum tubes (also known worldwide as valves), In 1939 they introduced their electric razor, Also on March 11, 1927 Philips went on the air with a station called PCJ now known as Radio Netherlands. In 1950, company introduced Philips Records. After this product Philips launches Compact Cassette tape in 1963 which was wildly successful. This was mainly used for dictation machines for office typing stenographers and professional journalists. Philips introduced the first combination portable radio and cassette recorder which is marketed as the radio recorder. Company also reduces the cassette size for the professional needs, in form of mini cassette and later the microcassette. The worlds first home video cassette recorder was made by Philips. The main competitors of Philips at that time were Sonys Betamax and the VHS group of manufacturers. Philips had early developments of a laser disk for selling movies but due to delayed in its commercial launch for fear of cannibalizing its video recorder sales. Late join with Sony they launch commercial laser disk, and again in 1982 with Sony they launch Compact Disc. This evolved to launch of DVD, which Philips launched with Sony in 1997. Philips after that also come in market of television, microwave oven, mixer grinder, music system, plasma television, home theater, energy saver(CFL) bulb, etc. The companys name was changed from N.V. Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken to Philips Electronics in 1991. At that time, North American Philips was formally dissolved, and a new corporate division was formed in the U.S. with the name Philips Electronics North America Corp. MISSION OF OUR BUSINESS Here we are going to produce a new laptop. OUR MISSION- We focus on to improve the quality of peoples lives through timely introduction of meaningful innovations according to movement of situation. As a world leader in healthcare, lifestyle and lighting, our company also integrates technologies and design into people-centric solutions. Our mission is fully focused on to fulfill the peoples needs and desires when we truly understand what they want. Thats why we always begin with getting to know as much as we possibly can about our target audiences: their priorities, values, inspirations, likes and dislikes. With this insight, our international, multi-disciplinary and diverse design team is able to deliver truly relevant solutions that anticipate peoples needs, exceed their expectations and enhance our customers business success. OBJECTIVE OF OUR BUSINESS I will decide my marketing objective which will completely support continuous growth and profitability through effective implementation of the strategy. The basic objectives are; I will increase the market share on the basis of market development. I will focus more on promotional activities. I will focus on constant and positive sale growth each year in place of more sales in particular fixed year. Determination of market that should be reached by advertising. In this sector I will try to achieve quantitative and qualitative leadership. Increase the awareness of new product by print media and electronic media. My financial objective is to sale of 1000 laptop per month, means 12000 for a year. I will make strategies to double this growth in next year. Planning process Development of new product is a challenging process. It starts with plan formulation; firstly we identify the problem and plan to solve it. The iteration continues until the plan is declared as successfully completed. The first step in formulation of planning is situational analysis. These are the steps of planning formulation. Situational analysis This analysis gives us information to identify the issues and problems that need to be addressed. For situational analysis these are the information required Socio demographic- Population composition and distribution, learning and family services. Economic activities- national account, poverty Socio- cultural and political- political structure, participation, relevant law, government policies, etc. Formulation of goals In goal formulation we specify the desire outcomes to achieve addressing the priority problem which identifies in the situational analysis. Formulation of policies and strategies In this we make a plan and create a direction to achieve the goals, objective and target. Identification of programs and project In this step we convert our plan and objective into specific implementable activities. Investment programming and budgeting Here we will decide which programs and project can be implemented according to our pre determined time scheduled and frame MARKET AND INDUSTRIES ANALYSIS Firstly I will go for market analysis which gives our company the sufficient information about market and consumer needs, want and demand. Market analysis will help to right offer to right consumer and can meet consumer satisfaction and can make better communication with consumer. On the basis of this study you can make delight consumer, and retention of consumer. It possesses sufficient information about the market and consumer needs, wants and demand. It will help to right offer to right customer and can meet consumers satisfaction and can make better communication with them. Also they have some important information about customer, which is helps to make delight consumer. With the pioneering research techniques, Primary Intelligence is able to identify and measure market drivers, benchmark and track changes to help you position your products and services correctly, and respond to emerging competitive threats and opportunities. Market Needs Analysis will help to opti ­mize your sales teams efforts by: This helps us to identifying decision making and purchasing patterns Exposing decision-making criteria and areas of influence This also providing objective, real-world feedback that sales professionals can leverage to improve their strategies and tactics. Market Needs Analysis gives us the infor ­mation that directs for our product marketing, demographic targeting, and sales tactics as you approach new ground. On the basis of study of Institute of development and communication (IDC) India which is a premier global market intelligence firm, the laptop market in India has 79% year-on-year growth during 2006. The sale of laptop is growing faster rate than projected. India is growing day by day a big market for laptop industries. On the basis of analysis of a top official of HCL Info Systems, market share of laptops would be 35-40% in the next two years. GROWTH DRIVERS FOR COMPANY Indian Laptop market in increasing faster as it was in 2005 that sales of laptops surpassed the sales of desktop computers. It happens first time in India. Change in work life of consumers is a main cause for growth for sale of laptop. The dynamic use anytime anywhere access to information is increasing, the sales of laptops. Reduction in prices and affordability was a big cause to improve the sale of laptop. In these days Laptops are now sold at approximately half the price at which they were sold two years ago. Laptops prices are now almost at par with the desktop computer prices. The most important factor is duty free import of Laptops also helped a lot in increasing the penetration level of the product among the consumer. Laptop awareness is also increased over the years. Our Target Markets Firstly we have to target the market for Philips laptop. By definition we know that -A target market or target Audience is the market segment which a particular product is marketed to. It is often defined by age, gender and/or socio-economic grouping. Market Targeting is the process in which intended actual markets are defined, analyzed and evaluated just before the final decision to enter is made. The target market of our laptop is shown below: Our potential markets are separated into two segments; Corporate User and End User. The primary marketing opportunity is selling to these well defined and accessible target market segments that focus on investing discretionary income in these areas: Corporate User: There is requirement of more feature in their laptop as per there use and work profile. Corporate users are the users who buy the LAPTOP for their official purpose only. The MD, GM, DGM, and CEO are the main corporate level users. Corporate users End User: The end users are basically focused on price. These are those users who buy the laptop for their personal use. Teachers of University, Students of private University, businessman etc are the End users for laptop End users Market Demographics WE have two objectives in regard market demographics: first we will to determine what segments or subgroups exist in the overall population; and secondly we have to create a clear and complete picture of the characteristics of a typical member of each of these segments. Once these profiles are constructed, we can to develop a marketing strategy and marketing plan. The five types of demographics in marketing are age, gender, income level, race and ethnicity. The term demographics as a noun are often used erroneously in place of demography, the study of human population, its structure and change. Although there is no absolute delineation, demography focuses on population structure, processes and dynamics, whereas demographics is most often used in the fields of media studies, advertising, marketing, and polling, and should not be used interchangeably with the term demography or (more broadly) population studies The profile of our PHILIPS LAPTOP customer consists of the following geographies, demographics and behavior factor: Geographic We have specific domestic geographic target area. We will firstly serve the product to domestic market. We will cover the Metropolitan area through our own distribution channel. We have our large no of distributors approximately in each state in India. Demographics Demographic has been done on the basis of the following attributes: We are try to give almost same featured laptop and for both the corporate and end users. The laptops loaded with all those feature which will certainly enough for University teachers and doctors to use it for their research work. As well as all High, Middle, Upper middle and middle class can use it without any difficulty. Behavior factor We all are aware about some behavior factor which is good and in favor of my company. This is related to the It is the thinking that laptop increase the status and prestige of the individual. Also Consumer wants products, which are available in anywhere on any time. Consumers feel that they have a separate image by using PHILIPS LAPTOP. Market Needs We have to provide our customers the opportunity to choose LAPTOPs with different configuration according to market needs. This is very important to fulfill the following benefits which are important for our customer. We will completely focus on these facilities for our customers according to preference: High quality Today all the customers are aware about the general function of computer because they are already using the desktop since long time. Thats why at this time the Consumer wants high quality product, which is must been high in regard to performance. PHILIPS meets this need of consumer. Reasonable price Today consumer wants a high quality product at reasonable price, for that reason PHILIPS try to provide high quality product at a reasonable price. Different flavors When we talk about the customers choice that is vary from person to person. So PHILIPS provides different laptop with different features for different feature. Product availability Todays the customer always seek available product so that they can buy the product at any time according to their need. Market Trends PHILIPS produces different type of laptop which fulfills quality but a reasonable price. Now laptop Production Company is growing and more competitors are coming in the market also customer are more aware about the product for that reason they want different types of product. At the moment market is growing faster, competition are increasing. Thus, Philips made segments for their product. Philips divided their customer in to three groups, and give emphasis on each of the group. Market Growth PHILIPS Company is going upward with a strong competition. With the domestic market, our international market growth statistics is increasing day by day. SWOT ANALYSIS The following SOWT analysis captures the key strength and weakness within the company, and describes the opportunities and threats facing PHILIPS. Strengths: We have strong information technology and customer relation management approaches our customer can track any delivery by containing online customer services. PHILIPS has its popular brand name. We have Strong quality product. We are producing attractive design. Body of Philips laptop is made of the silver and plastic both. We have our own large distribution channel. The satisfaction of buyer about Philips product is very good. Weakness Lack of promotional activities. At present we have insufficient capital. We have lack of promotional activities There are some legal and political barrier regarding import, tax and shipment. Opportunities Increasing the demand of LAPTOP o the basis of survey. Increase in management school. Technical based job are increasing. Improved market portfolio. Increasing sales through the country. Promotional activities to increase brand image. Threats Legal political barriers regarding import duty, tax etc. The large no of range of laptop of existing in present time in market. New competitors are entrance in the market. The price of LAPTOP is decreasing day by day, so there is low profit of margin in this business COMPETITORS At present in the market there are no of competitors in laptop industries. We have to analyze their strategy and know everything like feature, quality, price, segmentation, pricing strategies, target market and so on. The major player in laptop industries are:- Hewlett Packard (HP) Lenovo Acer IBM Toshiba Dell Sony PRODUCT WISE ANALYSIS OF OUR NEAREST COMPETITORS We establish our own market. Also it is facing some competitors. The no of competitor are at present time and their status is as given- Sources to Gather the Information about our Competitors The following are 10 sources and strategies by which we can get information about our competitors: Suppliers: Annual reports Phone the competition Talk to their customers Check periodicals and trade journals Review the companys Web site. Talk to some of their employees: Be careful what you disclose. But a little give and take might yield surprising results. Visit your competitors at a local industry trade show: It will give us a good idea of how competitors present themselves to the public. Review reports and profiles of the local industry Look at your competitors advertising Ø HP: HP Pavilion HP is a line of personal computers produced by Hewlett-Packard and introduced in 1995. The name is applied to both desktops and laptops for the Home and Home Office product range. Todays HP is the largest player in the market. HPs LAPTOP has captured the maximum market share of laptop and pc. It is produced in China. It is holding a leading position for long time in laptop in our country. It has large no of its customer group. Current Notebook Models of HP 18.4 inch: HDX18t 17.3 inch: dv7t 17.0 inch: G70t 16.0 inch: HDX16t / dv6t / dv6z / dv6zae (Artist Edition 2) / G60t 15.6 inch: Compaq CQ60 15.4 inch: dv5tse 14.1 inch: dv4tse / dv4t 13.3 inch: dv3t / Voodoo Envy 133 12.1 inch: Touch Smart tx2z / HP Pavilion dv2z 10.1 inch: HP Mini 110 Mi / HP Mini 110 XP / / Mini 1000 Vivienne Tam Ø DELL: In the 1980s Dell became a pioneer in the configure to order approach to manufacturing delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications. In contrast, most PC manufacturers in those times delivered large orders to intermediaries on a quarterly basis. To minimize the delay between purchase and delivery, Dell has a general policy of manufacturing its products close to its customers. This also allows for implementing a just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing approach, which minimizes inventory costs. Low inventory is another signature of the Dell business model a critical consideration in an industry where components depreciate very rapidly. Products of dell: Dell inspiron series Dell vostro series Dell 1510 Dell n series Dell studio 14z Dell studio xps 13 Dell studio xps 16 Ø ACER: It is a Chinese producer of laptop. Acer has taking cover over the market share of LAPTOP PC in India. It is emerging laptop brand today and focuses on product for middle class and student. Product of Acer in market at current time: Acer Gemstone series Acer Travel Mate series Tablet PC series Acer Aspire series Acer Aspire Timeline series Acer Extents series Acer Ferrari series Ø LENOVO: Lenovo markets its products directly to consumers, small to medium size businesses, and large enterprises, as well as through online sales, company-owned stores (in China only), chain retailers, and major technology distributors and vendors. It is also a competitor of PHILIPS LAPTOP. Lenovo makes a variety of products for worldwide sale, these products include: Lenovo Lenovo ThinkPad laptops Lenovo Think Station Lenovo workstations Lenovo Think Server Idea Pad consumer-oriented laptops Lenovo 3000 J Series laptops Lenovo 3000 C, N, and V Series laptops A current agreement allows Lenovo to sell IBM-branded desktops and laptops until 2010. OUR PRODUCT RANGE PHILIPS: when we talk about our company we are basically a television company. But enhances our company business by producing laptop. Product offering PHILIPS offers different type of configuration at different price to our consumer for chooses their expected product. This laptops are given in figure PHILIPS EXTREME SERIES PHILIPS MOUNTAIN SERIES PHILIPS S-20 PHILIPS S-10 PHILIPS YUVA BASIC KEY FOR OUR SUCCESS: We have Strong quality Brand image of the product. We have our own distribution channel We are focused on to retain our customer to generate repeat purchase and referrals. Our general average sales about 1000 piece per month. Critical issues for our company Form the inauguration, PHILIPS is still in the early stage. The critical issues for PHILIPS are: There are quality variation in our products We excess discounts from other competitors. Marketing strategy For launching the Philips laptop we have to know about marketing strategy. It is a method of focusing an organizations energies and resources on a course of action which can lead to increased sales and dominance of a targeted market niche. A marketing strategy combines product development, promotion, distribution, pricing, relationship management and other elements; identifies the firms marketing goals, and explains how they will be achieved, ideally within a stated timeframe. Marketing strategy determines the choice of target market segments, positioning, marketing mix, and allocation of resources. It is most effective when it is an integral component of overall firm strategy, defining how the organization will successfully engage customers, prospects, and competitors in the market arena. As the customer constitutes the source of a companys revenue, marketing strategy is closely linked with sales. A key component of marketing strategy is often to keep marketing in line with a compan ys overarching mission statement. The marketing strategy will create awareness, interest and appeal from our target market for what PHILIPS offers to customers. The marketing strategy is based on superior performance in the following areas: Our product have different configuration. Philips laptop focused on Product quality. Delight user. Positioning Philips will maintain its position as a laptop company. The position will be achieved by quality product, competitive price, and according to consumers demand and delight consumers. They have experienced manager to make awareness about the product to customer. Strategies Our main primary marketing strategy will seek to first create customer awareness regarding the products. Our other marketing strategy are- To increase the product line and length as per the expectations of the consumers To serve the consumer with competitive prices To ensure the availability of the product Practicing Total Quality Management (TQM) Consumer Orientation Produce and market international standard products Marketing Mix Philips laptop marketing mix is comprised of the following approaches to product price, distribution, advertising and promotion, and customer service. This is the basis format of marketing mix. PRODUCT  · Brand name We have our strong brand name PHILIPS. Which is already known by customers in market?  · Product variety PHILIPS has five types of product. These are PHL EXTREME SERIES PHL MOUNTAIN SERIES PHL-S20 PHL-S10 PHL EC Quality PHILIPS always maintains high quality of its products. Total Quality Management (TQM) is practiced here. Design Attractive design, different colors, comfortable weight. Features Philips product has a Variety of features in comparison of competitors. Packaging PHILIPS supplies the laptops to the users in attractive packet. It provides special cartoon to send the LAPTOPs to its dealers which is for safety purpose also. Size Our products size varies a little too product to product and depending on screen of laptop. Service We will provide home delivery service after selling of our laptops. PROMOTION Sales promotion PHILIPS provides shot-term incentives to encourage and purchase or sale of products. Occasionally it gives special discounted price for its products. It also gives T-shirts, caps, Bluetooth and other accessories to the customers. Advertising We will give the advertisement for Philips laptop through newspaper, billboard, popular magazine, leaflets, sponsoring on game competition, internet etc. Personal selling When we talk about personal selling, then it can be said that Philips is not arrange any types of personal selling. PRICE  · Price list  · Discount It allows discount facilities for its retailers and dealers.  · Payment period PHILIPS sells LAPTOP on credit to its distributors and retailers and after the sale they then make payment. The payment time is of 45 days month, after this due date the interest will be charged. PLACE  · Distributor Channels We have our own channel for distribute the products in all main city of India  · Location Firstly we will cover the district areas of our country to sale the Philips laptop.  · Transport We have no own transport facility for our distributors. Distributors are responsible for taking the products to their showrooms. Marketing Research Marketing research is very important for us to know about current market and predict future needs. We can collect the information through the dealer and retailer by x Question Notes customer responses to the How did you hear about product? question. Based on the answer it takes its promotional activities. Customer suggestion They take customers suggestions to gain additional information. It want to know from the customers about- What suggestion do you have to improve our product? And Why do you need a laptop? Financials This sector will offer the financial overview of PHILIPS LAPTOP related to marketing activities. PHILIPS address brake even analysis, sales forecast, expense forecast, and indicate how this activity are link to the marketing activity. Break-even Analysis The break-even analysis below illustrates the number of single sales, or units, that we must realize to break-even. This is based on average sale and costs per transaction. Monthly Break-even Point Break-even Analysis: Monthly Units Beak-even 700 Unit. Monthly Revenue Beak-even Tk. 3, 64, 00000 Assumptions: Average Per-Unit Selling Price Tk. 52, 0000 Average Variable Cost per month Tk. 42,000 Estimated monthly Fixed Cost Tk. 70, 00,000 Sales Forecast: PHILIPS thinks that the sales forecast will be achieve into the into the five main revenue streams; PHL EXTREME SERIES, PHL MOUNTAIN SERIES, PHL-S20, PHL-S10, PHL EC. It will steadily increase sales as the advertising budget allows although the target market forecast listed all of the potential customers divided into separate groups. The forecasted customers group divided into 2 categories: Corporate Users and End Users. Expense Forecast Marketing expense is to be budgeted at approximately 3% of total sales for 2010-11 and 4% for 2011-12. Expenses are tracked in the major marketing categories of newspaper advertisements, printed leaflets, billboard promotional event and others. Controls The purpose of PHILIPS LAPTOPs marketing plan is to serve as a guide for the organization. This plan is about implementation, changing the business, and making it better. Here we look at specific implementation programs, and the details that it takes to make it happen. The following areas will be monitored to gauge performance: Customer satisfaction Revenue: monthly and annual Expenses: monthly and annual Implementation The following identifies the key activities that are critical to our marketing plan. It is important to accomplish each one on time and on budget. Our contingency planning Difficulties and Risks for our business An entry into the market by an already established market competitor. Problems generating visibility, a function of being an internet-based start-up organization. BIBLIOGRAPHY: * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philips * http://www.google.co.in/search?sourceid=navclientie=UTF-8rlz=1T4ADSA_enIN354IN355q=geographic+target+area * http://www.google.co.in/search?sourceid=navclientie=UTF-8rlz=1T4ADSA_enIN354IN355q=MARKET+DEMOGRAPI+WIKKI * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sales_promotion * http://www.google.co.in/search?sourceid=navclientie=UTF-8rlz=1T4ADSA_enIN354IN355q=sales+promotion+wikki * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_strategy * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_mix

AIDS/HIV Essay -- Health, Diseases

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing contaminated needles and syringes, mother to child (perinatal) and contaminated blood product (National Association of Health Authorities, 1988). 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH Late HIV diagnosis remains a major problem among black Africans in England. In 2007, about 42 per cent of black Africans diagnosed with HIV were diagnosed late (HPA, 2008a). This compromises their survival chances because evidence indicates that starting treatment with a CD4 cell count below 200 copies/mm3 (a measure of the degree to which an individual’s immune system is compromised) increases the risk of disease progression and death (Gazzard, 2008). The reasons for late diagnosis among black Africans are not clear, but include persistent HIV-related stigma and discrimination (WHO, 2006). Fakoya et al. (2008) identified cultural, social and structural barriers, such as access to testing and care, fear of death and disease, lack of political will, restrictive immigration policies and lack of African representation in decision-making processes. There is a desperate need to understand the social context of the disease both in terms of the migrants' region of origin as well as in their new United Kingdom (UK) communities. The British government is yet to address the steep rise in rates of the disease among heterosexuals and a new Aids awareness campaign targeted at those most at risk of spreading it is imperative. It is a campaign that the government is reluctant to undertake because of the sensitivities around immigration, race and perceptions of neo-colonialism (Chinouya and Davidson, 2003). The prevalence of diagnosed HIV in black African and bl... ...n found that higher levels of knowledge, perception of risk, and having a friend or relative with AIDS were associated with effective behaviour change (Sambisa 2008). The notion behind personal experience or knowing someone who is infected is that for some people HIV/AIDS does not become real, or denial is preferable including denial of risk, until one witnesses someone ill or dying of AIDS. This means that trying to shift people’s perception of risk in order that they choose behaviours that are safe requires a detailed understanding of culture, context of perception, and experience of risk (Kesby, et al., 2003). This is related to the fact that ‘culture’ in its anthropological sense, is a complex interplay of meanings, action, structure, and change that exist within all social relations and in all social settings (Mayisha II Collaborative Group 2005).

Surface Tension

Processed Data: Table 1: Data in measuring the height of the water Trial| Height of water (m)| 1| 0. 032| 2| 0. 032| 3| 0. 032| Average:| 0. 032| Table 2: Values for measuring the radius of capillary Temperature| 30 degrees Celsius| Density @ 30 degrees Celsius| 995. 67 kg m-3| Acceleration due to gravity| 9. 8 m s2| Height of water| 0. 032 m| Surface tension of [email  protected] 30 degrees Celsius| 7. 118 X 10-2 N m| Radius of capillary tube| 4. 5592825 X 10-4 m| Table 3: Values for the height of n-butanol solutions in capillary tube Temperature| Trial| 0. 1 M| 0. 2 M| 0. 4 M| 0. M| 0. 8 M| 30 degrees Celsius| 1| 0. 022| 0. 023| 0. 023| 0. 024| 0. 025| | 2| 0. 022| 0. 023| 0. 024| 0. 025| 0. 026| | 3| 0. 022| 0. 024| 0. 024| 0. 025| 0. 026| Average| 0. 022| 0. 0233| 0. 0237| 0. 0247| 0. 0257| Table 4: Values for surface tension Concentration| Density (kg m3)| Acc. due to gravity (m s-2)| Height (m)| Radius (m)| Surface tension (N m-1)| 0. 1 M| 910| 9. 8| 0. 022| 4. 5592825 X 10-4 | 0. 04472564947| 0. 2 M| 920| | 0. 0233| | 0. 04788906204| 0. 4 M| 930| | 0. 0237| | 0. 04917091975| 0. 6 M| 940| | 0. 0247| | 0. 05187013633| 0. 8 M| 950| | 0. 0257| | 0. 545442923| Table 5: Values for excess concentration, cross-sectional area, & molecular radius of n-butanol Temperature| 303 K| Excess concentration| 7. 9387 mol m-2| Cross-sectional area| 2. 09 X 1048 A| Molecular radius of n-butanol| 8. 156394192 X 1023 A| Figure 1: Plot of n-butanol concentration versus surface tension Figure 2: Plot of surface tension versus ln C Discussion: The objective of the experiment is to use the capillary rise method to determine the surface tension of the working solution – in this case, the increasing concentrations of n-butanol solution.In a solution, molecules experience intermolecular forces with each other. However, the molecules in the surface of the solution experience less intermolecular force because part of it is exposed to a different phase. Therefore, there is a ten dency for the â€Å"bulk† solution to pull the molecules from the surface towards them. This concept is applied in a rain droplet, where because of the pull by the bulk part of the solution, it shapes into a form of a sphere – a shape with the least surface area. The rise of the solution in the capillary tube is the result of cohesion and adhesion.Cohesion is the attraction of molecules within the same phase while adhesion refers to the attraction of molecules of different phases; say the n-butanol solution and the walls of the capillary tube. If the adhesion force is stronger than the cohesion force, the walls of the capillary tube will be wet, which in turn attracts molecules from the bulk of the solution upward until the pressure exerted from outside (environment) of the capillary tube is equal to the forces that lifts the solution upwards.This equilibrium point will be used to determine the height of the rise of the solution, which is a factor in determining the su rface tension of the solution. Different concentrations of n-butanol solution were prepared in volumetric flasks. Then the radius of the capillary tube was identified by performing the capillary rise method using deionized water. With the given surface tension of water at 30 degrees Celsius, the radius was calculated: r=2? pgh Surfactants are molecules that have a nonpolar tail and a polar end.It lowers the surface tension from two different phases because of its ability to â€Å"pull† the molecules toward the molecules in the surface area. N-butanol is a surfactant therefore, it is hypothesized that the surface tension will decrease as the concentration of this surfactant in the solution increases. However, in the experiment, the results stated otherwise, that the more concentrated the n-butanol in the solution is, the higher the surface tension it manifests, as shown in figure 1.The equation used to compute for the surface tension is: ? = pghr2 where p is the density, g is the acceleration due to gravity, h is the height of the solution and r is the radius of the capillary. Sources of error can come from the deviating temperatures of the balance room and the laboratory. The capillary rise method should have been performed immediately right after identifying the density of the solution since a little change in temperature could greatly affect the behavior of the solution.Moreover, the long duration of time in performing the capillary rise method could possibly turn the solution back again to two layered phases, instead of a homogenous mixture therefore, what is measured is the height of the crude deionized wated rather than the solution. Also, another source of error could be the prolonged â€Å"stagnant† state of the other solutions in the volumetric flask where the alcohols present in the solution could possibly be turned into vapor state inside the flasks.The behavior of the n-butanol is to converge to each other and replace the water molecul es at the surface. The concentration of this surfactant becomes bigger than the molecules in the bulk which gives the excess of concentration denoted by: ? = -sRT where s is the slope of the best-fit line by plotting the surface tension against ln C (concentration in mol m-3), R is the ideal gas constant, and the T is the temperature in Kelvin. The value of ? , is used to calculate the value of the cross-sectional molecule of n-butanol, as well as the molecular radius of the chemical.Conclusion: Although the result stated otherwise, the concept of surface tension and the relationship of the concentration of the surfactant were understood with further research of other related experiments. Despite this, the use of capillary rise method gave way to compute for the radius without directly measuring it, but instead by having a given surface tension and determining the other sufficient factors in the Laplace equation. Sample Calculations: radius of capillary= 2(0. 07118Nm)995. 67kgm39. 8 ms2(0. 0320m)=0. 00046m urface tension= 910kgm39. 8ms20. 022m(0. 00046m)2=0. 045Nm excess concentration= -0. 0028. 314JKmol(303K)= 0. 00000079Jmol cross-sectional area= 10. 00000079Jmol10101m216. 022X1023molecules=2. 09X10^48A molecular radius= 2. 09X10^48Avalue of pi=8. 16X10^23A Literature Cited: Chang, Raymond. Physical Chemistry for the Chemical and Biological Sciences. 3rd ed. Sausalito, CA: University Science Books, 2000. Print. Page 840. csustan. Surface Tension and Soap Bubbles . 03 February 1999. 25 June 2012. . Prpich, A. , et. al. Tension at the Surface: Which Phase Is More Important, Liquid or Vapor?. 2009 Value of density @ 30 degrees Celsius taken from: Value of ideal gas constant taken from: < Mohr, Peter J. ; Taylor, Barry N. ; Newell, David B. (2008). â€Å"CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2006†. Rev. Mod. Phys. 80 (2): 633–730. >. Value of surface tension of water @ 30 taken from: < Lange, p. 1663>

Aggregate Planning

Aggregate Planning Aggregate planning is a very critical tool for both manufacturing and services companies. It is concerned with determining the quantity and timing of production in order to meet forecasted demand at the lowest cost possible and by maintaining the quality of the product at the same time. Aggregate planning is the functional role of operational managers. It involves making scheduling decisions that address issues of matching production to meet changes in demand (Heizer and Render, p. 512).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Aggregate Planning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Aggregate planning entails controlling of inventories, production rates, number of workers, production capacity, and other production variables. The elements are achieved through various strategy options that classified as either capacity options or demand options (Heizer and Render, p. 514). There are various capacity option strategies that ope ration managers in manufacturing and some services firms can utilize in aggregate planning to meet demand forecasts in future. Changing inventory level strategy is a capacity option where the manager makes adjustments in the level of inventory in order to meet future demand. Some operations managers can match firm production rate requirements. The other strategy is varying of production rates through overtime or idle time. Firms operations department may also use subcontracting strategy option so as to acquire short term capacity requirements during peak demand periods (Heizer and Render, p. 515). The last capacity strategy that can be utilized by operations managers is the use of part-time workers. Influencing demand is a demand strategy that firms try to increase demand for their product through advertising, personal selling, discounts, and promotions. Companies can also use â€Å"back ordering† during high demand periods (Heizer and Render, p. 516) as aggregate planning s trategy. Finally, firms can also use counter-seasonal product and service mixing as one of the demand option (Heizer and Render, p. 517). Operations managers utilize a number of aggregate planning techniques. The most popular technique is the graphical approach that is easy to understand it contains few variables. The other methods are mathematical approaches that tend to give optimal plans in minimizing cost and revenues (Heizer and Render, p. 524). Question Total weakly demand Sum of all warehouse demand = (9,000 + 13,000 + 11,000 + 15,000 + 8,000) Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More = 56,000 units Plant capacity per week Plant 1 = (27,000 + 7,000) = 34,000 units Plant 2 = (20,000 + 5,000) = 25, 000 units Plant 3 = 25,000 + 6,000 = 31,000 unitsAdvertising We will write a custom case study sample on Aggregate Planning specifically for you for only $1 6.05 $11/page Learn More Production cost of each plant in operation and out of operation Plant 1 in operation= variable costs per unit + operating cost = [(2.80 x 27,000) + (3.52 x 7,000)] + 14,000 = 100,240 +14,000 = $114, 240 Plant 2 in operation = [(2.78 x 20,000) + (3.48 x 5,000) + 5000 = 73,000 + 5000Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More = $78,000 Plant 3 in operation = [(2.72 x 25,000) + (3.42 x 6,000)] + 7500 = 88,520 + 7500 = $96,020 Distribution costs Plant 1 average distribution cost = (.50 + .44 + .49 + .46 + .56) x 34,000 = 2.45 x 34,000 = $83,300 Plant 2 = (.40 + .52 + .50 + .56 + .57) x 25,000 =2. 55 x 25,000 = $63,000 Plant 3 = (.56 + .53 + .51 + .54 + .35) x 31,000 = 2.45 x 31,000 = $75,950 Configuration combinations = Plant 1 costs + Plant 2 cost = (operation cost + Distribution cost) = (114,240 + 83,300) + (78,000 + 63,000) = 197,540 + 141,000 = $338540 Plant 1 costs + Plant 3 cost = 197,540 + (96,020 + 75,950) = 197,540 + 171,970 = $369,510 Plant 2 costs + Plant 3 cost = 141,000 + 171,970 = 312,000 The configuration of plant 2 and 3 minimizes total cost of production and distribution. This configuration as meets the exact weekly demand of 56,000 units. Plant 1 should be closed down since it the production costs and distribution costs are the highest. This implies that the company is going to save a to tal sum of $ (197,540 – 6,000) = $191,000 at the same time meeting the forecasted weekly demand of 56,000 units. Work Cited Heizer, Jay H, and B. Render. Principles of Operations Management. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006. Print.

Quebec and Government Essay

Quebec and Government Essay Quebec and Government Essay Chapter 2 Time Line Project Culture and Language in Canada Due December 3,13 By: Kaitlyn Lohr 1. 1760 – The British and French were fighting for ownership of and control over North America’s land and resources. After many years of conflict, the British defeated the French in 1760. New France was captures and occupied by British troops. 2. 1763 – One treaty, the Royal Proclamation of 1763, was referred to by the British government as a temporary First Nation Bill of rights. The British promised to honour First Nation peoples, language, and right to live on their lands. However, the government did not revisit these treaties until 1876. / With the Treaty of Paris, New France became the British colony of Quebec. General James Murray became the first governor of the new British colony of Quebec. 3. 1774 - Governor Murray and Sir Guy Carlton, who later took his place, both reached the same conclusion. They believed that, as much as possible, the Canadians should be allowed to maintain their ways of life. As a result of Carleton’s efforts, the Quebec Act was passed. Under this legislation, Quebec’s border was expanded far to the west, including the best fur trapping lands, and no land was taken from the French. Roman Catholics were free to practise their religion and hold public office. French civil law was retained, but British criminal law was established and no elected assembly was created. 4. 1775-1783 – After the American Revolution of 1775 – 1783, a large number of people who did not want to rebel against British rule left America and came to Canada. Called Loyalists, these former Americans increased the Anglophone population and the influence of British culture in Quebec. 5. 1791 - With the increase of the Anglophone population, the colonial authorities in Britain believed that changes should be made to the Quebec Act. The Constitutional Act was passed. This act divided Quebec into two colonies and recognized the cultural duality in Canada. (Designed to be fair to both Francophones and Anglophones.) 6. 1830 – Reformers in both Upper and Lower Quebec wanted to change each colony to a more democratic system of government. When demands were refused, they rebelled. British forces put down the rebellions. To try and eliminate the friction that had caused them, England sent Lord Durham to Canada to study the problem. Durham suggested that the government be made more democratic and that Upper and Lower Canada become one single colony. Durham hoped that the French language and culture would disappear because Anglophones outnumbered Francophones. Some Francophone leaders such as Antoine Aime Dorion opposed confederation. The francophone champion of confederation was Georges Etienne Cartier. He believed that French and English could work together in harmony to produce a strong Canada.. 7. 1867 – The Canadian Constitution – known as the British North America Act was passed by Britain. This marked the beginning of Confederation. 8. November 1869 – After Louis Riel (Metis Leader) was refused a seat in parliament, the Metis organized a provisional government with Riel as president. Riels government developed a list of rights that the Metis wanted the federal government in Ottawa to guarantee before Red River joined Confederation. The prime minister of Canada, John A. MacDonald delayed making a decision. The Metis had executed a trouble making Anglophone, Thomas Scott, and English speaking Canadians were outraged. Finally MacDonald acted. 9. 1870 – MacDonald’s government passed a bill that established the province of Manitoba. A governor, agreed upon by the Metis, was to be sent to take over the colony. Each Metis was to receive land grant of 240 acres. The new province was also given a representative in Parliament and French was made an official language. 10. 1876 – MacDonald’s government created the Indian Act. This act was to ensure that the treaty agreements the First Nations people had

For Environmental Balance, Pick Up a Rifle Essay Essays

For Environmental Balance, Pick Up a Rifle Essay Essays For Environmental Balance, Pick Up a Rifle Essay Essay For Environmental Balance, Pick Up a Rifle Essay Essay In the article â€Å"For Environmental Balance. Pick up a Rifle† by Nicholas Kristof. the writer informs the reader about the importance of runing. reasoning that runing demands to be brought back in the United States to command the cervid population. He talks about the negative impact cervid have caused in decease of people by auto accidents and with the devastation of the ecosystem with their overpopulation. The bulk of cervid have had a deeply unnatural consequence in certain parts of New York and New Jersey. Kristof notes that these yearss many people view runing as a cruel and brutal and are choosing for other methods for cervid control due to their understanding for cervid. He states that it is a waste of clip and money for progressives and conservativists to be utilizing birth control and rubbers ; to forestall gestation to the cervid. With the diminution in runing patterns in North America. farther environmental instability continues. which makes runing an ecological n ecessity. If runing were to increase in the coming old ages. persons would be able to take part in the out-of-doorss and enjoy nature. However. Kristof is an undependable beginning in the cognition of animate being control and uses uneffective persuasion on this controversial subject. : When it comes to experts on animate being control. conservationists spend an excruciating sum of clip analyzing animate beings that have had a habitat intervention with the ecosystem. Nicholas Kristof is non a dependable beginning of information ; he has based his article off of an outsider’s point of position. While a column piece points out issues associated within our society. Kristof has yet to hold the appropriate background and information to back up his claim. Turning up on a farm in Oregon. analyzing jurisprudence. and working as a editorialist in The New York Times. gives some penetration as to why Kristof wrote the article in the first topographic point. This is because his audience includes a broad scope of people ; from extremely educated to barely any instruction. He is composing in a metropolis where hunting is a foreign construct. which leads Kristof to composing a commentary piece that relates to other subjects persons know about instead than the information of the cervid in general. For illustration. he states â€Å"It’s still true that in a typical twelvemonth. an American is less likely to be killed by Osama bin Laden than by Bambi† giving the reader irrelevant stuff that has nil to make with the subject of cervid control. The writer frequently states statistics that are in his favour. so his point is substantiated. In an article. â€Å"Journal of Wildlife Management† by Clinton Faas negotiations about how people generalize all cervid as something harmful without sing the different types of cervid. Not many people know about the axis and white-tailed cervid that have had a negative impact throughout the environment. While in the article Kristof’s states that â€Å"The New Jersey Audubon Society this twelvemonth advocated cervid hunting as an ecological necessity. † ( Kristof. 13 ) Yet while researching the Audubon Society it states that the white-tail cervid made resources scarce in the ecosystem and it shows no mark of fall backing to the construct of runing. Nicholas Kristof takes the word cervid throughout his article and made an premise that all cervid are harmful to society. The thought that runing cervid should be encouraged for the benefit of society and that it connects people with nature is unusually abhorrent in Nicholas Kristof’s â€Å"For the Environmenta l Balance. Pick up a Rifle. † Many carnal militants. such as the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals ( PETA ) would hold that animate beings are non ours to utilize for nutrient. vesture. experimentation. or amusement. The ground that it is of import to handle other populating things with self-respect and regard is because they have the capacity to endure as people do. We are told that it is incorrect to ache other people. physically and mentally. Although in the article Kristof becomes indulged in the fact that animate beings are the job in society and should be put down for it. For case he quotes â€Å"So it’s clip to restore a balance in the natural universe. by accepting the thought that runing is every bit natural as bird observation. † ( Kristof. 18 ) Yet the bulk of the environments issues are caused by human actions. For illustration. misguided building. irrigation and excavation can disfigure the natural landscape and interrupt of import ecological procedures. Aggressive fishing and hunting can consume full stocks of species. Human migration can present foreign rivals to native nutrient ironss. While reading Nicholas Kristof’s article. I analyzed and exposed the undepe ndable information he provided. He stated statics that were obscure and broad. misleading the reader with irrelevant facts on other subjects. and did non hold the appropriate background to be considered an expert on the job of animate being control. Overall. hunting is non the manner to command the cervid population nor has the writer convinced his reader.

How the iPhona Changed Modern Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How the iPhona Changed Modern Economics - Essay Example According to the company, an estimated 200,000 iPhones were pre ordered the very day that the phone went on sale in the country and another 400,000 were sold on that day. The company was able to attract so many buyers because of the popularity that the phone had gained over the Chinese market because of the sale of its previous model, which had further excited a wider consumer base. Even though the phones are more expensive, they offer better features as well as data services which have attracted.In economic terms, it is clear and evident that this particular phone has appealed a great deal to at least half of the Chinese market because more and more people have bought it at the price at which it was launched. The iPad was also released in China and went on sale at a fast pace as well. However, the crux of the matter remained that the iPhone’s demand exceeded the supply that the company was able to give to the people. This goes to show that there was an extension of demand in the particular commodity at the same or even higher price. Since the iPhone 4 was costlier than the previous version, an extension (and not just an increase) in demand can be noticed here in economic terms which means that there is movement along the demand curve.As per the article, â€Å"As of the second quarter, Apple was the fifth-largest smart phone vendor in China with 7.1% of shipments, according to Beijing research firm Analysys International. Nokia Corp. had the largest share with 26.7%.†Ã‚  

Aviation and the Global Atmosphrer Report Essay

Aviation and the Global Atmosphrer Report - Essay Example In 2004 the UK ranked number six in the world league of tourism earnings, and tourism is a major component of the UK economy, accounting for 3.5% of UK GDP. The tourism industry directly supports 1.4 million jobs, or some 5% of total UK employment and one fifth of all international air passengers in the world are on flights to or from a UK airport. Airports are critical for the development of local and regional economies. They generate employment, open up wider markets and attract businesses to an area. They are also increasingly important transport hubs, particularly for the logistics industry. But Air travel is the world's fastest growing source of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, which cause climate change. The huge increase in aircraft pollution is largely due to the rapid growth in air traffic. This means increasing airport capacity, more flights, more pollution and increasingly crowded airspace. People living near airports have long suffered from aircraft noise, traffic co ngestion and air pollution. Indeed communities around airports have been concerned about these issues for years. Aircraft emissions can also have a significant effect at ground level. Air and ground traffic at major airports can lead to pollution levels as high as city centers. Several steps have been taken by the various governments and airports to mitigate these impacts of air traffic. New airports policy specifically addresses how harmful greenhouse gases from aircraft will be reduced and that adequate resources are put into encouraging alternatives to flying. But people around airports are more concerned about environmental impacts and protesting even expansion of airports. Manchester airport in UK experienced the same kind of protest. But when we analyzed the cost-benefits of developments especially social and environmental costs and loss of economic activities, it clearly shows that though aviation may cause greenhouse gases emission but have not established yet the quantity o f adverse impacts whereas economic losses could be quantified. So the more sustainable developments are recommended and pursued by the airports and the governments equally. Introduction: The aviation industry is defined as those activities that are directly dependent on transporting people and goods by air to from and within. This covers airline and airport operations and includes scheduled and chartered flights for passengers and freight, general aviation, aircraft maintenance, air traffic control, and activities directly serving air-passengers, such as check in baggage handling and on-site retail and catering facilities. In an increasingly globalize economy the aviation industry is a vital element of the UK's transport infrastructure. Benefits of aviation industry growth: The aviation industry directly contributed 11.04 billion pound to UK GDP in 2004 and employed 186,000 people. Over 520,000 jobs in UK in total depend on the aviation industry. Visitors arriving by air contribute over 12 billion pound a year to

Mammalian Stem Cells Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mammalian Stem Cells - Research Paper Example However, research has raised ethical and religious issues which oppose the duplication of body tissues. Our research shows that the benefit of mammalian stem cell culture has increasingly become important over the years in the production of antibodies, hormones and other vaccines essential for the treatment of various body ailments. Introduction Stem cells are found throughout the body of an animal. They occur in numerous numbers in the tissues such as the brain, adipose and the muscles. Stem cells help in maintaining the functioning and integrity of the tissues throughout the lifetime of an organism. This is because their main role is the replacement of the differentiated cells which are lost through attrition or other damages. Mammalian stem cells have the capacity of proliferating while maintaining their primitive states. In addition, they also differentiate into other specialized lineage. Due to their expansion and differentiation capabilities, there is high promise in the develo pment of cell based models of human diseases. This is because such diseases can be treated during the cell replacement therapies. Engineers and researchers have developed a theoretical approach and other cell culture systems. All this technologies are vital in the control of stem cell fate which is the ultimate goal to scale up the clinical grade during the production of stem cell therapies. Advancement of stem cells science and broadening of cell culture technology has led to arising of therapies and tissue engineering. This paper work gives an overview of tissue engineering and therapies of mammalian stem cells. It describes the current progress and prospect of stem cells research and its potential application in the medical treatment. Discussion Stem cell technologies and tissue engineering have currently emerged rapidly with an approach of addressing disease problems and other serious body complications. The two technologies are the interdisciplinary fields that use the principl e of bioengineering and other sciences towards assembling of the stem cells. This is important in restoring, maintaining and improving the functioning of the cell following their damage by disease or other traumatic processes. It is, therefore, easy to manage incurable diseases and loss of tissue through the successful therapies of artificial transplant of body organs. The general principles of stem cell engineering and tissue therapy are the combination of living cells with other synthetic scaffold to build three dimension living cells. The three dimensional cell structures aid in guiding the growth, organization and differentiation of cells. Synthetic scaffold should be biocompatible and designed in a way that it assists in meeting the nutritional and biological needs of different cells on the body. Their growth factors should be made of soluble peptides that are capable of binding the cellular receptors that provide permissive or preventive response of the cell towards differenti ation of the body tissue (Kim and Evans 12). Therapy And Tissue Engineering Fundamentals The concept of tissue engineering started in 1933 when tumor cells from the mouse demonstrated survival ability when they were implanted in the abdominal cavity of an embryo chick. Few decades later the chick’s pancreatic beta cells demonstrated that they responded by releasing insulin depending on the concentration of glucose in the body. In 1980, through the principle of tissue enginee

Project time managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project time managment - Essay Example This paper explores the importance of developing a time-phase baseline for project planning, management, and performance evaluation. For a project’s successful implementation and effective monitoring, cost- and time-phased baselines are some of the key approaches often used. Specifically, since most projects have definite periods for completion, a time-phased baseline for project planning and implementation is highly recommended3. Without such a baseline, there would be nothing to measure project progress against, during or after its implementation. Time-phased baseline helps in comparing the projected time value of against the delivered time value. That is, has a project really been completed and used within the anticipated time or has the estimated quantity of project been delivered in the planned time4? A time-phased baseline for project planning and evaluation thus assists in answering the question of whether a project has been started and finished at the expected time5. By being in a position to measure the budgeting of time in a project, stakeholders are better placed to detect and address problems s uch as delays and stoppages for improvements. A time-phased baseline thus helps project stakeholders to evaluate how well a project runs and to measure the accuracy in time estimations6. Additionally, once the accuracy of time estimation has been established, time-phased baseline for project evaluation can be used for similar projects or modified for other related projects. Time-phased baseline thus helps one to assess his/her ability to estimate project cost, labor, time, and overall performance. Importantly, time-phased baseline helps in establishing whether enough time has bee allocated for the different project phases7. That is, any over- and under-estimations of time are dealt with once detected. Finally, time-phased baseline is useful in allocating

Epidemiologic Investigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Epidemiologic Investigation - Essay Example In the context of this project, the disease agent is a particular strain of E. coli that is well regarded as a food borne pathogen responsible for an infectious diarrheal disease. By definition, the characterization of the disease is intimately related to characterization of the agent that initiates or perpetuates the disease process. The E. coli talked about here is an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli, which is a biological agent which exhibits certain host-related biological properties such as infectivity, pathogenicity, and virulence. Since an individual almost always contract a disease from his environment, when an epidemic of infectious disease occurs, the cause usually lies in the environment. Therefore, in any specific population, in order to be able to prevent outbreak of any disease state and to be able to intervene, the conditions prevailing any health-related event or state can be investigated, and appropriate measures can be taken to apply the findings of such studies for controlling the health problems preemptively. FoodNet or the Food Borne Diseases Active Surveillance Network was developed by CDC in the Emerging Infections Program. In this program, data are collected 10 US states in relation to the disease burden caused by Escherichia coli 0157:H7 strains that are known to be transmitted through food. This program quantifies and monitors the incidence of these infections by conducting active surveillance for laboratory-diagnosed illness. This epidemiologic event has great implications in public health. From the epidemiologic point of view, this is important since FoodNet quantifies and monitors these infections by conducting active population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed illness. The epidemiologic methods are used as surveillance tools, and these essentially scrutinize continuously the factors that would have determined the occurrence and distribution of this disease to be able to effectively control and prevent the disease. These essentially include collection, analysis, inter pretation, and distribution of relevant data for action. Escherichia coli is an emerging cause of food borne illness in the United States. Although most of these illnesses are mild, severe infections and serious life-threatening infections do occur. This has posed challenges to public health and public health administrations since there is change in the newly identified strains of the pathogens. With that, novel vehicles of transmission, changes in food production, and an apparent decline in food safety awareness might have aggravated the problems leading to these illnesses. There are several types of national surveillance systems for diseases that are food borne. These epidemiologic tools include outbreak surveillance, passive laboratory based surveillance, and active surveillance. Communicable diseases may be transmitted from the reservoir or the source of infection to the susceptible individuals in many different ways depending on the infectious agent, portal of entry, and the local ecological conditions. It is important to note that mu ch of the data about the vehicles and modes of transmission of these food borne diseases come from epidemiologic investigations of the outbreaks. From the public health point of view, the

Capital Structure Evaluation of Sample Firms Essay

Capital Structure Evaluation of Sample Firms - Essay Example Such sustainable growth requires increasing investment in long term assets, which in turn needs to be financed by long term funds. The two conventional long term sources of fund are debt and equity. The proportion of such debt and equity determines the capital structure of the firm. There are benefits and shortcomings of both the funding options. While debt funds are considered to be less costly owing to the interest tax shield that they provide, equity funds are considered to be more expensive owing to its inherent risk profile. Though debt funds reduce an organization's weighted average cost of capital (WACC), such funding increases the risk profile of the organization owing to long term commitments secured by asset collaterals, which could seriously increase the bankruptcy risk of the organization during an economic downturn. The modern thinking on capital structure is primarily based on the seminal work done by Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller. The Modigliani-Miller theorem (1958) states that in an ideal world, the value of a firm is independent of its capital structure. When a firm increases its gearing ratio, the overall risk to the equity holders increase thus increasing the cost of equity, thereby having no net effect on the value of the firm. One important aspect of this theorem is that it ignores the bankruptcy and transaction costs, and assumes information is freely available to all firms. The optimum leveraging point of an organization is, therefore, always a source of debate, and has been subject of various continuously evolving theories and models. Some of these recent theories and classical models are examined and validated by analyzing the capital structures of five organizations (PLCs) from four different industry sectors. The firms chosen are as below. Table 1-1 Company Name Industry Sector TESCO Food manufacturing and products BP Oil, gas and energy Exxon Mobil Oil, gas and energy BHP Billiton Metals and mining British Energy Utilities TESCO is a giant in the food manufacturing sector with an annual turnover of 47.3 billion. TESCO was founded in 1919 in the UK, and has since grown to set up footprints across the world in the Asia, Europe, and the US. It is one of the leading food retailers of the world, and has diversified into petrol retailing. BP is primarily in the business of oil exploration and refining, and operates out of several countries. Its other businesses include alternative energy, and shipping. It has an annual turnover of $361 billion. Exxon Mobil is also in the business of oil exploration/ production, gas, and power. Its downstream business includes oil refining, and marketing of fuel products and lubricating oil. Its annual turnover is $390 billion. BHP Billiton is the world's largest diversified natural resources company with businesses including alumina, aluminum, copper, energy, coal, iron ore, nickel, manganese, oil and gas and uranium, as well as gold, zinc, lead, silver and diamonds. It employs

Project time managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project time managment - Essay Example This paper explores the importance of developing a time-phase baseline for project planning, management, and performance evaluation. For a project’s successful implementation and effective monitoring, cost- and time-phased baselines are some of the key approaches often used. Specifically, since most projects have definite periods for completion, a time-phased baseline for project planning and implementation is highly recommended3. Without such a baseline, there would be nothing to measure project progress against, during or after its implementation. Time-phased baseline helps in comparing the projected time value of against the delivered time value. That is, has a project really been completed and used within the anticipated time or has the estimated quantity of project been delivered in the planned time4? A time-phased baseline for project planning and evaluation thus assists in answering the question of whether a project has been started and finished at the expected time5. By being in a position to measure the budgeting of time in a project, stakeholders are better placed to detect and address problems s uch as delays and stoppages for improvements. A time-phased baseline thus helps project stakeholders to evaluate how well a project runs and to measure the accuracy in time estimations6. Additionally, once the accuracy of time estimation has been established, time-phased baseline for project evaluation can be used for similar projects or modified for other related projects. Time-phased baseline thus helps one to assess his/her ability to estimate project cost, labor, time, and overall performance. Importantly, time-phased baseline helps in establishing whether enough time has bee allocated for the different project phases7. That is, any over- and under-estimations of time are dealt with once detected. Finally, time-phased baseline is useful in allocating

Capital Structure Evaluation of Sample Firms Essay

Capital Structure Evaluation of Sample Firms - Essay Example Such sustainable growth requires increasing investment in long term assets, which in turn needs to be financed by long term funds. The two conventional long term sources of fund are debt and equity. The proportion of such debt and equity determines the capital structure of the firm. There are benefits and shortcomings of both the funding options. While debt funds are considered to be less costly owing to the interest tax shield that they provide, equity funds are considered to be more expensive owing to its inherent risk profile. Though debt funds reduce an organization's weighted average cost of capital (WACC), such funding increases the risk profile of the organization owing to long term commitments secured by asset collaterals, which could seriously increase the bankruptcy risk of the organization during an economic downturn. The modern thinking on capital structure is primarily based on the seminal work done by Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller. The Modigliani-Miller theorem (1958) states that in an ideal world, the value of a firm is independent of its capital structure. When a firm increases its gearing ratio, the overall risk to the equity holders increase thus increasing the cost of equity, thereby having no net effect on the value of the firm. One important aspect of this theorem is that it ignores the bankruptcy and transaction costs, and assumes information is freely available to all firms. The optimum leveraging point of an organization is, therefore, always a source of debate, and has been subject of various continuously evolving theories and models. Some of these recent theories and classical models are examined and validated by analyzing the capital structures of five organizations (PLCs) from four different industry sectors. The firms chosen are as below. Table 1-1 Company Name Industry Sector TESCO Food manufacturing and products BP Oil, gas and energy Exxon Mobil Oil, gas and energy BHP Billiton Metals and mining British Energy Utilities TESCO is a giant in the food manufacturing sector with an annual turnover of 47.3 billion. TESCO was founded in 1919 in the UK, and has since grown to set up footprints across the world in the Asia, Europe, and the US. It is one of the leading food retailers of the world, and has diversified into petrol retailing. BP is primarily in the business of oil exploration and refining, and operates out of several countries. Its other businesses include alternative energy, and shipping. It has an annual turnover of $361 billion. Exxon Mobil is also in the business of oil exploration/ production, gas, and power. Its downstream business includes oil refining, and marketing of fuel products and lubricating oil. Its annual turnover is $390 billion. BHP Billiton is the world's largest diversified natural resources company with businesses including alumina, aluminum, copper, energy, coal, iron ore, nickel, manganese, oil and gas and uranium, as well as gold, zinc, lead, silver and diamonds. It employs

The Road, Cormac Mccarthy Essay Example for Free

The Road, Cormac Mccarthy Essay The Road by Cormac McCarthy Rotted corpses. Landscapes devastated by fire. Abandoned towns and houses. In the post-apocalyptical novel, The Road, Cormac McCarthy explores the perseverance of a man and his son to survive in an obliterated world. He demonstrates that in spite of devastating conditions and dismal surroundings, goodness prevails over evil and an inherent goodness is present in humanity and the â€Å"good guy† no matter how dire the circumstances. Most importantly, the goodness portrayed, comes out of love. The man and the boy in this story are never named because the represent general humanity. If people , humans are provided with a reason to do the right thing, love, children, family, they will do whatever it takes. A parent will do completely unreasonable things to help, save their children out of love. He really doesn’t care what he has to do to keep his son alive – he would (and in fact did) murder a man for posing a threat to his son’s life. In page 76 of the book, the father tells the boy: â€Å"You wanted to know what the bad guys looked like. Now you know. It may happen again. My job is to take care of you. I was appointed to do that by God. I will kill anyone who touches you. Do you understand? † The lives of the man and the boy truly are worst-case scenarios. How many times have we wondered at one point or another in our lives if we’d be willing to take a bullet to the head or kill someone for our families’ or loved ones’ sake? These characters have been placed in that exact situation. They live in a post-apocalyptic world where human beings have been stripped to their core and have been driven to extremes by their innate need to survive, and they are no exception. The father is carrying out all those â€Å"what ifs† – he is doing what he must to keep his son safe. Truly, the only thing that keeps them going is their love for one another. â€Å"A symbol of the goodness in human perseverance and hope is the fire that the father assures his son they carry. As a good guy, the man and the boy carry the fire internally, meaning that they strive to live under all circumstances. † â€Å"The man does not consider acting violently in defense of his sons survival evil. Yet, what makes this choice more praiseworthy than the choices of the people who kill and even cannibalize others in order to survive? † Truck event: The difference between the father’s actions and the actions of the other people mentioned is that the father committed murder to preserve his son’s life, something he holds dear. This is a just cause. However, the violent acts committed by the aforementioned people were generally for self gain. Violence begets violence e. g. canibbals continue their blood thirsty ventures vs the dads violence restores peace and ends the violence. Son is a symbol of goodness, father sees him as christ figure†¦. the boy cannot agree with his father that the right thing to do is to refuse to help others who are in dire need, especially when they have not shown any evidence of being dangerous. Son sees dad as selfish (e. g. alues his sons life) while son himself is selfless†¦ the father does not trust any other individual they see or meet. Only his son extends his humbling trust in others, offering to help Ely and the thief without first determining whether their intentions are malicious. the boy does not understand the need to hurt others in any circumstances, even when they may pose a danger to his own survival or have already hurt him. For example, the boy pleads for his father to spare the thief and, even more, to help him. End Event Father Dies: Thesis:

The Life Of Jesus Christ Religion Essay

The Life Of Jesus Christ Religion Essay Jesus Christ is a central figure for the Christianity. Christians picture him as the Messiah (Son of God). Jesus reconciled the Christians with God by dying for their sins and raising himself from the dead. Jesus had an peculiar personality, and made a lasting notion on the on his followers. He was charismatic in the deepest sense of the word. Jesus Christ is an exemplary and perfect leader. Jesus Christ is a divine and legendary being; he is allegorical for the Christians. Jesus indicated the coming of a new age where all people would live as Gods children to serve and believe in Him. Jesus taught the fundamental moral values of brotherhood and benevolence, which became the central thesis of Christianity. The life and teachings of Jesus Christ are the motivations for Christians. The Birth of Jesus Christ Jesus Christ was born during the life and reign of Herod the Great who ruled Palestine at the end of the 1st Century B.C. on the 25th of December, which is celebrated by Christians every year in remembrance of the day Jesus Christ was born. Jesus was born in the town of Bethlehem in Judea by Virgin Mary in a manger. Joseph was the father of Jesus. Joseph was a carpenter. When Jesus was born the three wise men fro the east followed to star (Star of Bethlehem) to where Jesus was born. The three wise men bore with them gifts, Gold, Myrrh, and Frankincense. About that same time king Herod was deeply disturbed by the birth of Jesus Christ, because he heard a new king has been born. Herod became furious and sent his soldiers into Bethlehem to kill all the boys around two years and under. Joseph and Mary fled from Bethlehem to Egypt before the soldiers could get to them. Herods plan turned out to be a fiasco. When Herod died and everything had calmed down, Joseph and Mary with Jesus went to Galilee and settled down in a town called Nazareth, were Jesus grew up, where Jesus Christ was called the Nazarene (Jesus of Nazareth). Jesus was a leader all through his life even from birth. The Baptism of Jesus John the Baptist baptized Jesus Christ the (son of Zacharias). John the Baptist preached baptism for the forgiveness of sins and in so doing he was preparing the way for the Lord. Jesus went to the Jordan River in Galilee so that john could baptize him. John remonstrated because he felt that Jesus Christ was the one who should be baptizing him. According to the gospel of Mathew Jesus said, It must be done, because we must do everything that is right. After John heard what Jesus said he now baptized him. After baptism, Jesus came out of the water and the heavens opened and the spirit of God descended like a dove from above and settled upon his head, and a strange voice said, this is beloved son, and I am fully pleased with him.(New international version). The Temptation of Jesus Christ After the baptism of Jesus Christ the, Jesus was led by the Holy spirit into the wilderness where he could be tempted by the devil. He fasted in the wilderness for forty days and forty nights, without having anything to eat. The devil came out to Jesus and said if you are the Son of God change these stones to loaves of bread. Jesus relied No! The scripture say man shall not leave by bread alone but by every word of God. Then Jesus Christ was led by the devil to the highest point of the temple in Jerusalem, and then the devil told him to jump off that his angels will protect and nothing would happen to him, and Jesus replied The scripture says, do not test the lord your God. Finally the devil took Jesus to the highest mountain, and showed him all the nation and all its glory, then he said, I will give it all to you, if only u knell down and worship me. Jesus replied Get out of here, Satan, for the scripture says you must worship the lord your God; serve only him. Jesus Christ was a flawless leader. He overcame temptation, he would have change the stones to bread, or protected by the angels, but know he humbled h imself. Jesus Christ is an exemplary leader, which is why the Christians believe in him so m uch. Jesus Christ was no hypocrite. The Ministry of Jesus Christ Jesus traveled throughout Galilee teaching and preaching in different synagogues and spreading the good news about the kingdom of God, by this time he had only four disciples, these were called the first disciples. Jesus Christ taught people a lot of things, he healed people of various kinds. News about him spread far beyond Galilee, and people with various illnesses and pain, the possessed, epileptic, and paralyzed people. Large crowds followed Jesus to wherever he went. People leart a lot from him, there were various teaching by Jesus: Teaching about Salt and Light Teaching about the Law Teaching about anger Teaching about Adultery Teaching about Divorce Teaching about revenge Teaching about Love for Enemies Teaching about Giving the Needy Teaching about Prayer and Fasting Teaching about money and possessions Effective prayers The Golden Rule The Narrow Gate The tree and its fruit True Disciples Building on a solid foundation And many others but these ones are the most important ones. The Golden is one of the most important teachings of Jesus Christ. The golden rule says: Do for others what you would like them to do for you. This is a summary of all that is taught in the law and the prophets. (New Living Translation Bible). So whatever you wish that others would do to you, do also to them, for this is the law and the prophet. (English Standard Bible). Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them: for this is the law and the prophets. (King James Bible). Another important teaching of Jesus Christ was the Beatitudes. The great beatitudes: God blesses those who realize their need for him, for the Kingdom of haven is given to them. God blesses those who mourn, for they will be comforted. God blesses those who are gentle and lowly, for the whole earth will belong to them. God blesses those who are hungry and thirsty for justice, for they will receive it in full. God blesses those who are merciful, for they will be shown mercy. God blesses those whose hearts are pure, for they will see god. God blesses those who work for peace, for they will be called the children of God. God blesses those who are persecuted because they live for God, for the kingdom of Heaven is theirs. (New living translation, Matthew 5) There were a lot of teachings, Jesus Christ cares about his people (Christians) that is why he tries to put us in the right path by telling the Christians, to do what is right and deviate from their wrong ways and doing. As time went on Jesus had twelve disciples: First Simon (Also called Peter) Andrew James (son of Zebedee) John Philip Bartholomew Thomas Matthew James (son of Alphaeus) Simon (son of Zealot). Jesus taught his disciples a lot; they passed through a lot of test. One of the tests they passed through was the heavy storm. Jesus and his disciples traveled across the lake to spread the gospel. Suddenly, there was a terrible storm. The disciples became petrified because Jesus was sleeping. The disciples went to him and woke him up, shouting that he should rescue them from danger and Jesus replied why are you afraid? You have so little faith! (New living translation). Then he stood up and rebuked the wind and waves, and suddenly all was calm. The disciples were marveled at what he had done. Jesus went from city to city with his disciples, and kept on healing the demon possessed and paralyzed. Jesus kept on spreading the news and healing people in other to get more workers (Christians). He wanted a lot of people to hear the good news so they would help in passing the news to other people. At a certain time Jesus said to his people Then saith he unto his disciples, the harvest truly is plenteous, but the labourers are few, Pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest, that he will send forth labourers into his harvest. (King James Bible). Jesus Christ predicts his death Jesus Christ predicted his death three times. Jesus Christ knew his time on earth was coming to an end so he told his disciples; They will kill him, and on the third day he will be raised to life. And the disciples were filled with grief. (New international Version). When Jesus Christ was traveling to Jerusalem with his disciples, he told them privately again that he was going to be betrayed and killed. He told them that he would resurrect after three days. After he told them everything they now went into Jerusalem to spread the news. Death of Jesus Christ Jesus Christ prayed before he was arrested, he knew his time had come. Judas Iscariot, one of the disciples of Jesus Christ who betrayed him. He led the roman soldiers into the Kidron valley where Jesus Christ was with his disciples. As soon as Judas Iscariot saw Jesus he identified him and Jesus was arrested. One of the disciples, Simon drew his knife and attacked the High priest Servant, Malchus and slashed off his ear. Jesus commanded Simon to withdraw and then Jesus healed Malchus. After Jesus was arrested he was brought before Caiaphas, the high priest for trials. After the trials with the high priest he was sent to the headquarters of the Roman Governor, Pontus Pilate for another trial. The Jews accused Jesus of being a criminal. The men who accused Jesus didnt go in with Jesus for his trial, because they knew it was a false accusation. Pontus Pilate found Jesus not guilty, but the Jews wanted him to be killed and Barabbas, a criminal released. Pontus Pilate had Jesus flogged in the open with lead-tipped whips, and they crowned him with thongs. Pilate didnt want to kill Jesus, but the Jewish leaders kept on pressurizing him to do so. Pontus Pilate was left with no option but to crucify Jesus, he was afraid that the leaders might turn against him. Jesus led to where he was going to be crucified. His disciples and Mother, Mary Magdalene, watched him carry his cross with thongs on his head. Jesus knew it was finally over, and he said I am thirsty then they soaked a sponge into a sour jar of and gave him. He replied, it is finished, and he gave up the ghost. Jesus was buried in a tomb, which has never been used before close to a garden. Nicodemus was the man who brought white linen and seventy-five pounds of ointment, which was made of myrrh and aloes. The Resurrection Early on Sunday Morning, Mary mother of Jesus went to the Tomb and it was open, so she ran back to the disciples telling them that the body of Jesus had been taken away. The disciples rushed to confirm if what Mary Magdalene said was true, on getting there the body was no longer there, they were all marveled and they left. Later that day Mary was crying outside the tomb, when Jesus appeared to her and told her to stop crying. After Mary saw Jesus she ran to the disciples to tell them what had happened, but one of disciples, Thomas didnt believe. Later that day Jesus appeared to them, after they saw what Jesus had done they believed that he is the Son of God, and that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have life. Jesus instructed his disciples to spread his word that he would be back to judge the living and the dead. Qualities of a leader Jesus Christ was a perfect leader with no weakness. He had a lot of strengths. Jesus Christ had no weakness because he was not human, he came down in human form, but still he wasnt human. The life of Jesus was peculiar; he lived his whole life acting as a leader. Jesus never hated anybody; he had love for both his enemies and his friends. He had no weakness unlike human leaders. According to Paul in Corinthians; We preach Christ crucified: a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles, but to those whom God has called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. For the foolishness of God is wiser than mans wisdom, and the weakness of God is stronger than mans strength. (New international version, 23 24). Man cannot understand his weakness. Jesus performed a lot of miraculous signs. People loved him a lot. Jesus Christ was a great leader. The life and teachings of Jesus Christ are the motivations for Christians. Jesus Christ was no selfish leader he always thought about his people before himself. Work Cited

A Midsummer Night?s Dream :: essays research papers

A Midsummer Night’s Dream   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream is a comedy that is full of mischief. Instead of having a main plot, it seems to be about random thoughts and emotions (much the same as dreams are). In fact, I have to wonder how much of the whole play is really supposed to be a dream – as Puck even suggests toward the end of the play. There is no real protagonist to latch onto in this play, probably because there are three main groups of characters, but many people will find Puck to be the most interesting character. The whole play is based around Puck's antics, and he seems to be the play's main fool. In addition, it is he who sends everyone on hard (but funny) adventures. Puck is a fool in the true sense of the word during the time of this play - someone that entertains for his master. It was Puck’s job in this play to entertain the fairy king Oberon. I picture Puck as wearing a funny hat and pointed toe shoes. Another fool in this play would be Nick Bottom, but he is a fool in the present-day sense of the word. Bottom is not the type of fool who entertains his master. He is a fool because he allows his own idiocy and ego to stop him from accomplishing his goals, and he is totally unaware of how ridiculous he looks. Nick Bottom always thinks he is the best at everything. Even when Puck gave Bottom the head of a donkey, it didn’t change his inflated opinion of himself. This play begins when the duke of Athens (Theseus) is preparing for his marriage to the queen of the Amazons (Hippolyta). He is planning a four-day celebration for the occasion. As time goes on, there are so many twists and turns in the play that it is sometimes hard to keep things sorted out. In one part of the play, Puck is sent to find a magical flower that is thought to contain a love potion. The juice of this flower can be spread over a sleeping person’s eyelids to make that person fall in love with the first thing he or she sees when waking up. What happens with the love potion is very funny, because Puck manages to have it affect the wrong two people and then nothing turns out as it should.