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World War I Essays - World War I, French Third Republic,

World War I The Causes of the War OK, more or less, World War I's motivation went as far back as the mid 1800s. Individuals constrained by different countries started to advance individuals' sentiments of patriotism. The French Revolution of 1789 brought another feeling to the word Nationalism. Individuals who communicated in French, German, Italian, ext. felt that they ought to have a different government in a nation where everybody communicated in a similar language. Shockingly, it's not possible to satisfy everybody and this request they had was something inconceivable that should be possible. As time passed individuals started to build up war religions or military unions. The individuals from these gatherings would separate and obnoxiously misuse the individuals, which didn't communicate in their language. War hawks scrutinized at remote methods of getting things done. At times news stories help spread exposure. Some German heads unequivocally asked business and political extension toward the east, for the most part in Asia. II- Military Alliances Military collusions were one more of the numerous reasons for World War I. At the point when the German Empire was joined in 1871, Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck sought after a time of worldwide harmony. He searched for partners to help Germany. It was then that in 1882 Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy marked a settlement called, The Triple Alliance. The bargain was made to secure them from assaults from France or Russia. Germany and Italy dreaded France and Austria-Hungary dreaded Russia. The three individuals from the collusion framed a amazing square in focal Europe. Sadly, Austria-Hungary and Italy were not cordial. They contended for the most part over land as well as an area that Italy figured they ought to have. Thus, the two nations contended to see who might take control of the Adriatic Sea first. At the point when the war broke out in 1914, Italy didn't keep their assertion about the agreement they had consented to in the bargain. It turns out they had made a mystery arrangement with France in 1902. Because of that they needed to stay unbiased at that point pronounced war on Austria-Hungary. After the Triple Alliance framed, the remainder of the nations in Europe saw that they were off guard. The burden was that if there ever was a worldwide emergency, Great Britain, France and Russia would need to battle for themselves be that as it may, the Triple Alliance would have the upside of acting together as one. At that point in 1894, France marked a guarded partnership with Russia. At that point just without anyone else was Incredible Britain. Not long after they confronted maritime contention and developing hired fighter with Germany. In 1904, Great Britain and France arrived at a cheerful comprehension or how you would state in French, Understanding Cordial. By the terms in the understanding, they addressed all the issues they had about nearly anything and everything. Most significant being provinces. The two countries became accomplices. At that point France prevailing with regards to uniting Britain and Russia. In 1907 the two countries marked the Anglo-Russian Entente, it was somewhat similar to the cheerful understanding that connected France, Russia and Great Britain was designated The Triple Entente. Men, Battlefronts and Strategy I-Strategy of the War The head of the German general staff Count Alfred Von Schlieffen arranged a very minimal basic system in 1905 and transformed it in 1912. His arrangement was that German armed forces were to smash France in a battle by experiencing Belgium, which was unbiased. Presently, the Germans were wanting to smash Russia, at that point intended to make England give up. At that point they would clear into Asia and truly, they would attempt and vanquish them as well. This person expected a 2 front war and arranged that Austria-Hungary and some little German power in East Prussia would take the eastern front. Yet, no. The Allied procedure called for assaults by the French armed forces in Lorraine upon the beginning of the war. Alright, so the arrangement was that. On the Eastern front it would be Russia attempting to attack Germany through East Prussia also, assault Austria-Hungary in Galicia. They would have liked to strike westbound at Germany while the Allied Armies went east. The War I-The US enters WWI (1917, fourth year) From the get-go in 1917, the Central Powers, which comprised of Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany and the Ottoman Empire, were at a solid position. They had in charge Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, the vast majority of Belgium and Northern France. At that point, truly, the USA entered the war. Thus the tables started to turn for the Allies. Germany unhindered Submarine government assistance so this made the US join the Allies. The updates on the flare-up of the war in 1914 had astonished numerous Americans. Therefore, President Woodrow Wilson had announced that the US would

6 Steps for Mastering Endpoint Security

6 Steps for Mastering Endpoint Security Every once in a while we will witness businesses in IT becoming infatuated with one or another corporate trend.Obsessing over some insignificant, fashionable matter, pouring budget for needless changes, flaunting the buzzwords in meetings and conferences, beating themselves in the chest over how far they have gotten into integrating one or another technology or methodology.Strict software security measures are becoming more and more important and this trend is not dictated by fashion. It is not just a buzzword.If you want to learn more about why you need to up your endpoint security game yesterday, continue reading this article.THE IMPORTANCE OF SECURITY?There are several business tendencies we are observing during the past decade contributing to the rising concern of doing endpoint security right.More dataThe first one is the most obvious. The technological penetration in our everyday lives means more and more data is being accumulated by businesses and is at risk of unauthorized ac cess.In the year 2000, only about 5% of the world population had access to the Internet. Ten years later, in 2010, that number changes to just under 30%. In 2018, more than half of the world population is using the Internet regularly.If we factor in that the world population is also growing exponentially, that means a way larger audience for as little as 18 years difference â€" a difference of about 4 billion people.This change in quantity is bringing on a quality change where the market share of the IT industry is also rising, with an increasing number of companies joining the field. Music stores become music apps. Retail becomes e-commerce.Users are becoming more and more trusting of businesses. The Internet is way more interactive today than it ever was.They submit their personal data, their images, their credit card and other financial information.Sometimes it goes as far as sharing their genetic information â€" to discover their ethnic origins or genetic predisposition to disea se.That means a potential data breach makes more citizens vulnerable than before â€" and in more ways than one.The lawWith the citizens becoming more and more vulnerable, legislation is making effort to catch up with the industry and protect users from unauthorized access to their data.Let’s take for example GDPR â€" the regulation on protecting personal data that recently entered into force for all countries in the European Union as well as all businesses that provide services to citizens of the EU.The General Data Protection Regulation, being applicable since 25 may 2018 aims at providing guidelines to individuals and businesses how to acquire, process and store personal data.Among other measures, businesses are encouraged to inform data subjects who will have access to their data and what it will be used for. The guidelines include using encryption and pseudonymization of data so it cannot be tracked back to a single data subject.The Regulation forces corporations to appoint a data protection officer, to assess their data processing practices regularly as well as the different levels of risk the accumulated information may bear for the subjects.Every organization is supposed to have a public data privacy policy where the data protection measures are outlined.In case of a data breach, an organization must report to the supervisory authority within 72 hours, including the nature of the breach, the scope, the possible consequences, and the measures taken before and after the breach to minimize the risks to the data subjects.Based on the measures to lower the risk, the organization may be considered ultimately liable for the damages.Location, diversification, locationThe internet, synchronization, video conferencing â€" the new technologies make it possible, and, what is way more important, easy and affordable, for organizations to offer working remotely.The physical office is losing its meaning. In the classic situation, an organization could provide physica l access security â€" to restrain access to the physical location and with that to make sure no third parties have ever accessed their systems.Today, organizations bend the working space and time continuum to provide conditions to work from all over the globe, with the best employees, regardless of borders and as if employees are all in the same room. Imagine an international organization with dozens of offices in different countries, and why not, even different continents.In that international organization, half of the employees can take advantage of home office and work from their own house.Then, you throw in the freelancers â€" specialists, working part time on company project because of reasons to do with staff of budget. But they never ever belonged to the organization anyway.When individuals from various locations, time zones and organizations have legitimate reasons to access the same environment, control is becoming elusive. It is time to implement a complex, yet reliable e ndpoint security strategy.WHAT IS ENDPOINT SECURITY?Endpoint security is the practice of applying a complex protection layer between the network (for example a corporate network) and any remote devices that try to establish a connection.Each of those remote devices is considered a potential threat â€" an entry point of possible security risks.Therefore endpoint security is the collection of all security measures to protect those connections from becoming the gateway of ill-intended actors.The basis to achieve endpoint security involves using security software, installed on a server with centralized management, or a gateway in the network. The endpoint devices then use a specialized client to connect to that software and authenticate themselves as authorized actors in the system.Based on the vendor of the security software, it could involve a number of additional features, including updating the software on the client’s side, anti-virus, antispyware, and HIPS.GREATEST THREATS FOR E NDPOINT SECURITYThe Enterprise Strategy Group conducted a survey in 2017 among 300 IT professionals about the types of threat to endpoint security they find the most difficult to detect.Unknown malware43% of professionals reported unknown malware is among the threats they found most difficult to detect.Malware (malicious software) is nothing more than a program that is intentionally designed to do some sort of damage to a network. ‘Malware’ is the most general name for such programs.It can be introduced into the system via a legitimate or an illegitimate agent.It could take the form of a code, a script, or a program and is extremely likely to be confused for well-intended, legitimate content and to be imported intentionally during authorized access.Because of the many forms the malware can take and the multiple entry points towards the inside of a system, specialists find it extremely difficult to detect.Zero day exploits31% of professionals reported zero day exploits are among the threats they found most difficult to detect.In the first days after a software launches a new release, it is common flaws are being discovered by users or ill-intended actors. The issues could be the result of bad security configurations or programming errors.Hackers often set out to exploit new releases for weaknesses, often packaging attack agents into malware. The idea is to either compromise the system, make it act in an unintended way, or to make them be able to take unauthorized control.When the new version has already been released into production, the developers have ‘zero days’ to fix the issue â€" hence the name of the attack.Fileless attacks29% of professionals reported Fileless attacks of weaponized content are among the threats they found most difficult to detect.A Fileless attack means the source of the attack cannot be traced back to an unauthorized file introduced to the compromised system. Therefore anti-virus and other protections are more likely to miss th e malevolent agent.They are also known as zero-footprint attacks. According to some statistics, more than 70% of compromising attacks in 2017 were fileless and those are ten times more likely to succeed in actually inflicting damage.It is very often that the fileless malware sneaks in applications the user has already deemed safe, for example your favorite text editor.Multistage and multi part attacks25% of professionals reported Multistage and multi part attacks are among the threats they found most difficult to detect.A multistage attack is the long con of cyber security.The attack uses multiple technologies, programming languages, psychological tricks and, to a large extent, a volunteer from the audience.A common deception would be for a spammer to send out emails pretending to be from a popular financial institution, containing an attachment the user is supposed to open to verify their account.Now, even if a user is suspicious and would not provide their bank account details, th ey could still open the file. The attachment could contain an underlying HTTP request to a malicious source.Because these attacks count on cooperation from the user, the user could override the security warnings. And the threat is often left undetected.Ransomware23% of professionals reported ransomware is among the threats they found most difficult to detect.Ransomware is another form of malicious software, however, it has a specific intent.Ransomware could be introduced into a system via conventional methods such as phishing, or any sort of social engineering.Once the malware is imported and has access, it could compromise the system in various ways. A very common tactic is to encrypt the information.The victim of ransomware will be threatened with destroying their information, or making public their personal data, unless they pay ransom.Learn more about ransomware here: Exploits of vulnerabilities in unpatched applications21% of professionals reported Exploits of vulnerabilities i n unpatched applications are among the threats they found most difficult to detect.Sometimes legitimate applications bear vulnerabilities.Even if the developers have provided updates to patch the software and minimize the risk, a user failure to update their application may lead to serious consequences, especially because the user trusts the application.Known malware19% of professionals reported known malware is among the threats they found most difficult to detect.Known malware is rarely an issue because there are supposed to be security mechanisms designed to prevent it from compromising the network. However, a poor security program, poor execution or uneducated user behaviors may allow it to wreak havoc on the organizations system.6 IMPORTANT STEPS IN ENDPOINT SECURITYStep 1. Impeccable planningEndpoint security cannot be underestimated. Any breach may cost your organization a large amount of man-hours, may set you back years against your competition. It may have large scale fina ncial and/or legal consequences and, most importantly, it can cost jobs.First, identify the group that will work on the project. You need to involve management, finance, security officers from all levels, and HR who will help do the trainings with the employees as end users. Gather external experts if you have to and can afford it.Second, give yourself a deadline in timing and an approximation in budget to get to the end goal. Be generous with your resources, however much money and efforts you spend on the task, it will be worth it against the risks.Third, identify entry points. Communicate to all your employees you are revising your endpoint security policy and ask them for cooperation. Ask what devices they are using to get to the network, what tools they are using, what third party software they are applying into their work and what are their most trusted applications.Step 2. Build a scalable and adaptable frameworkThis article has already outlined the biggest threats professiona ls see for their network in 2017. In three years the picture could look completely different. The nature of malicious activities is they have to surprise the security officers and the end users in order to work. And therefore they are constantly changing.Try and stick with a module-based security strategy, where you can add one more layer. Do not keep all your eggs in one basket. One provider might offer you a seamless integration at a good price today and be completely outdated tomorrow.A multi-layer defense system is already the choice of most organizations. What you want to do is to achieve the best value via creating a flexible and scalable security framework.Each layer cannot be left independent, they need to communicate with each other, complementing their work and contributing to the end result.The framework must be sufficient for your needs at all times and therefore must be open to seamlessly add new modules for trending new threats.Step 3. Identify and contain damageAt all points keep sufficient resources of high level administrators that can track and respond timely to any attack to your network. Your employees must have the sufficient time, training and permissions to respond to large scale issues at all times.Ideally, you need to have a wing of highly educated investigators that will monitor the system reports and respond to threats in real time.Realistically, your goal must be to also implement detection and response mechanisms into all endpoint operations and therefore allow even your low-level front-of-the-line administrators to remedy most situations.Work on strategies of regular trainings, regular shadowing and coaching drills, internal workshops and easy escalation procedures where low level and high level employees can interact, share experience and exchange ideas.Step 4. Data sharingYou can use automation to save on human resources. Automated tools can look after your system for known offenders. They can identify a potential threat so your administrators do not have to bother.Sharing threat intelligence is a good way to avoid overloading your own employees. A shared system can detect a known actor as good or bad â€" whitelist it if it has been verified and legitimized before or blacklist it and stop their access if they have been proven to be malevolent already. And that Is all before the alert is even brought to the attention of your employees.You will be removing layers of complexity and limiting the man hours for your security team. You will be processing through larger amounts of information faster and easier. Removing mundane tasks from your employees’ work trays will help you retain talent and leave more capacity for actual issues that require the human factor to be resolved.Some data sharing tools will even offer you a prioritizing system where they will automatically distribute the load between the employees and the system via only offering the highest priority alerts for manual check, leaving all the rest to automatic processing.Threat sharing intelligence will accumulate your data with databases of external sources to give you a high-probability suggestion whether you should or should not allow a particular action or user. More often than not, the tools can be seamlessly integrated without you having to switch between interfaces, or copy your data.What is more, the data will recognize the same threat if it reappears via another department, another device or another IP.Step 5. Machine learning analysisA lot like sharing threat intelligence, machine learning is used to accumulate data with external sources to offload your security officers from manually checking upon possible threats.What is unlike sharing threat intelligence, machine learning accumulates and studies patterns, rather than specific data for users and activities that have already occurred.What machine learning does is it gathers data from your system about user access habits â€" the timestamp of the usual user access an d log-off, the tools they are using, the processing power they usually need.Machine learning algorithms are to be fed information about the scope of the company activities, the locations of the users, the usual operating system, the type of exchanged data.The machines learn the ‘habits’ of your organization on a macro- and micro-scale. Then they report whenever a pattern is detected that is an outlier from the normal behavior.The alert can then be brought on to the attention of a different team in your security department based on the significance of the deviation from the norm.It is yet another way to prevent anomalies from being overlooked.Step 6. Regular revisionSchedule a regular revision of your endpoint security policy. Every quarter have your team meet and report on the success of the adopted tools. Yearly, the same meeting must aim at actually introducing improvements in the policy.Updates of tools, adding modules, adopting changes in your workflow and procedures, changi ng the vendor of your security software.All suggestions must be driven by actual cases you have encountered or trends in the business or among your competition.Make sure when revising your policy you are adopting a consolidated approach. Factor in both the automatic and manual methods and always consider they are interchangeable.ENDPOINT SECURITY STATISTICSIn 2017, 70% of organizations report they have assessed the risk to their security has raised significantly during the past year.Additionally, most businesses recognize endpoint security is becoming more important because attacks are evolving with 77% percent of successful attacks using fileless techniques.Fileless attacks are ten percent more likely to succeed and cause more damage than other conventional methods of deception.80% of organizations confirm their trust in their antivirus protections has been shaken during the past year and they have substituted their vendor for new endpoint solutions or added detection and response tools.More than half of the surveyed organizations admit they have been the victim of a ransomware threat, with more than 60% admitting they resolved to actually paying the required amount. The average ransom is more than three thousand dollars.Organizations find current security measures to be ineffective and inefficient with more than half of security alerts proving to be false positives.CONCLUSIONThe nature of endpoint security attacks is to always evolve. As soon as a popular detection mechanism is discovered, the attack is rendered useless since it cannot inflict the same harm on the organization. New methods arise, new exploitation techniques are invented.And it looks like they are here to stay. The tendencies are for the market share of the IT companies to expand, for the number of users to increase, for the online activities to diversify and for the amount of collected sensitive data to accumulate and present higher and higher value for hackers and, with that, higher and hig her risk for the companies and the users.The field of endpoint security is to be constantly invested in. Utilizing automated and manual techniques to detect and respond to threats is crucial. The key towards creating an effective and efficient mechanism is to achieve harmony between machines and human resources an organization employs to deal with the threat.Only when the resources are efficiently distributed, can the company stay on top of its game of endpoint security.

Medieval Piety Essays - 1629 Words

Religion in the Middle Ages takes on a character all of its own as it is lived out differently in the lives of medieval men and women spanning from ordinary laity to vehement devotees. Though it is difficult to identify what the average faith consists of in the Middle Ages, the life told of a radical devotee in The Book of Margery Kempe provides insight to the highly intense version of medieval paths of approaching Christ. Another medieval religious text, The Cloud of Unknowing, provides a record of approaching the same Christ. I will explore the consistencies and inconsistencies of both ways to approach Christ and religious fulfillment during the Middle Ages combined with the motivations to do so on the basis of both texts. A central†¦show more content†¦Pursuing such spiritual fulfillment is a responsibility not to be taken lightly. Often, literal commands of Jesus such as pilgrimages have two and three fold benefits. Besides the very physical connections with the sacred that they offer arriving at places of sacred history, pilgrimages are also a form of penance for sins. Because of the sacrifice of time, money, and risk to make these pilgrimages, best seen by Kempes outrageous devotion in leaving behind her life and family for long periods of time, pilgrimages assist in erasing sins in ones life. Another reason that Margery and medieval Christians would embark on these pilgrimages is for the reverence of saints and their relics that they would visit. The Middle Ages emphasized an important connection to the lives of past saints believing that the saints still had power to intercede blessings into the lives of religious people on Earth. Where Margery is set a part from common laity, during her pilgrimage to Jerusalem she receives a special spiritual gift of â€Å"cryings† that she can not control when rel igious emotion comes over her. Describing these outbursts, the author of her autobiography says, â€Å"The crying was so loud and so amazing that it astounded people†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Windeatt, 104). It is assumable that emotional experiences upon pilgrimages of either laity or monastics to such places as the Holy Land would be common, however that people wereShow MoreRelatedMedieval Woman Book Owners : Arbiters Of Lay Piety And Ambassadors Of Culture By Susan Groag Bell850 Words   |  4 Pages In the journal article Medieval Woman Book Owners: Arbiters of Lay Piety and Ambassadors of Culture, written by Susan Groag Bell, explains the cultural changes in the Middle Ages. She give details on how the increase in lay piety and vernacular literature were both connected with one another. In addition to this, these two topics played key roles in the changes taking place. The increase in lay piety is said to be a response to the political conflicts, religious demographic, and climatologica l factorsRead MoreA Critical Analysis Of Merciles Beautee1792 Words   |  8 Pageswith the representation of woman as an empowered â€Å"feudal lord† due to the sheer objectification of femininity and beauty. Poets such as Geoffrey Chaucer and William Dunbar commend a woman’s aesthetic appeal or satirise the lack of it, thus elevating medieval misogynistic expectations of physical beauty as a feminine necessity that objectifies women under the control of man’s advances. Throughout courtly love lyrics female beauty is a purely frivolous and superficial trait lacking predominant depth, toRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of Feudalism Essay868 Words   |  4 Pagesin Europe (136). Partially because of its success in providing security and stability, and also its huge promotion by the Catholic Church (136). 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Through four plays, there are fourRead MoreThe Use Of Gunpowder And Firearms Triggered The Decline Of Chivalry1224 Words   |  5 Pagesespecially England and Germany, â€Å"were obsessed with strategies of offensive warfare that derived their historic precedents from the system of knighthood.†4 In fact, medieval knigthood did not solely consist of direct attack, but the important thing is that the nations involved in World War I considered themselves as revival of medieval chivalry. Therefore, European nations used the image of the brave knight, fighting for his country and suffering as Christ on the cross to encourage their own soldiersRead MoreMartin Luther Argumentative Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagescongregation. The clergy’s use of indulgences as a way to salvation lacked the piety that disciples desired. Criticism of Catholicism did not cause sweeping changes in the sixteenth century; instead, the Protestant Reformation occurred due to the confluence of events triggered by one priest, Martin Luther. (Schilling) Although some historians allege that Martin Luther’s theology was reactionary due to its roots in medieval Christianity, his beliefs that the hierarchy of the church was unnecessary andRead MoreWomen And Spiritual Equality : New York : Saint Martin s Press, 1998 1358 Words   |  6 Pageswrites that there was controversy surrounding this practice, she avoids this debate and instead focuses on the content of the devotion. The era of the middle ages is the subject of chapters six through eleven. In chapter six, she presents early medieval saints. Though she had used Syriac sources in the earlier chapter, she relies heavily on them in the chapter and does not provide sources that reflect the rest of Eastern Christendom. She also begins to focus on specifically western saints at this

The Great Game Of Baseball Essay - 1774 Words

There are many question about how the great game of baseball originally started and how it has grown to become Americas game that so many of us enjoy so much as little kids until till we die. Baseball is one of the only games today where the rules of the game have stayed the same since a guy named Abner Doubleday first evolved the game in 1845. Then he went on to be a Civil War hero shortly after as the game of Baseball became Americas beloved national pastime. Every father loves getting to share his child’s first experience with baseball and playing catch with him for their first time. The history behind the game has such a humbling expression towards the game of baseball, which was first known as â€Å"rounder† earlier in the 1840’s in England until it was brought over in the US. In 1871 the Major League was born and by the 20th century most large cities in the US had professional baseball teams. The teams where divided into two leagues, American and National. During the season those teams would only play the teams in their leagues. Teams that succeeded the best during their season win what are called the â€Å"pennant† and those teams would meet in what is still to this day called the â€Å"World Series†. Baseball became of age in the early 1920’s; When Babe Ruth became a phenomenon at the game of baseball. Many wanted to fallow his footstep and become a great hero; such as the great Jackie Robinson did who was the first African American to play major league baseball. Prior toShow MoreRelatedBaseball during The Great Depression Essays913 Words   |  4 PagesBaseball remains today one of America’s most popular sports, and furthermore, baseball is one of America’s most successful forms of entertainment. As a result, Baseball is an economic being of its own. However, the sustainability of any professional sport organization depends directly on its economic capabilities. For example, in Baseball, all r evenue is a product of the fans reaction to ticket prices, advertisements, television contracts, etc. During the devastating Great Depression in 1929, theRead MoreHow Baseball Survived the Great Depression Essays765 Words   |  4 PagesBaseball remains today one of America’s most popular sports, and furthermore, baseball is one of America’s most successful forms of entertainment. As a result, Baseball is an economic being of its own. However, the sustainability of any professional sport organization depends directly on its economic capabilities. For example, in Baseball, all revenue is a product of the fans reaction to ticket prices, advertisements, television contracts, etc. During the devastating Great Depression in 1929, theRead MoreBaseball : The Greatest Past Times1079 Words   |  5 PagesBaseball, known as one of America’s greatest past times, has such an iconic and diverse history. 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For example, 5 years olds playing together would be more fair than an 18 year oldRead MoreBaseball Is America s Sport1505 Words   |  7 PagesBaseball has been arou nd for centuries and is a sport that has been one of america’s most popular sport for a very long time. Filled with excitement,happiness and fans that absolutely love the game baseball can Arguably be america’s sport. Created in 1846 and having many changes that have bettered and the game more exciting. Some will say that it is boring and lost its cool but baseball is far from losing its cool. The beauty of baseball is that it has no clock just straight nine straight inningsRead MoreWhy Baseball Is the Most Difficult Sport Essay examples1144 Words   |  5 Pagesare, baseball is the most challenging and difficult sport to play. No other sport compares to the degree of difficulty that you have to deal with, like you do in playing the game of baseball. There are so many different elements that make this game the most difficult. 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The pitcher, Steve Trachsel, came set. He shot a determined look to the dirt. In a rivalry such as this (Cubs, Cardinals) he did not want to be the one to give up the great number 62Read MoreBaseball : The Origin Of Baseball Essay1336 Words   |  6 PagesThe Origin Of Baseball With upwards of ten million people participating in the sport of baseball in the United States alone, it is apparent that baseball is one of the world’s most popular sports. Throughout the years, the sport of baseball has evolved from a humble game played on empty sandlots to â€Å"America’s national pastime.† The game has come a long way, but how did this game come to be? Everything has its humble beginnings, and baseball is no different. Games that resemble baseball have been around

Teenage pregnancy in Croydon †literature review and research outline Free Essays

Research studies have suggested that teenage pregnancy is a major global issue and it needs to be addressed accurately due to the health, social and economic risks associated with this issue (Baker, 2007; Roth et al., 2009; Kamberg, 2012). Decline in the number of teenage pregnancies have been reported as a result of the strategies undertaken by governing bodies across Europe to reduce the number of unplanned teenage conceptions. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage pregnancy in Croydon – literature review and research outline or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, England still has the highest rate of teenage pregnancies which are mostly unplanned (Teenage Pregnancy Associates, 2011). Teenage pregnancies are a major cause of poor health conditions in teen mothers and their babies, it have an adverse economic impact and play a crucial role in increasing child poverty (WHO, 2012). According to a recent press release, London Borough of Croydon recorded 50% reduction in the teenage conceptions; however, the borough is still amongst the regions with highest teenage pregnancy rate (Croydon, 2012). In order to further reduce the rate of teenage pregnancies in Borough of Croydon it is crucial to identify the factors causing the increase in teenage conceptions. Therefore, the aim of this research study is to effectively recognize the factors causing increase in teenage pregnancies in the London Borough of Croydon and the chosen organisation is Croydon Health Services NHS Trust. The research objectives are: * To identify the factors causing increase in teenage pregnancies through literature. * To identify the factors causing increase in teenage pregnancies in the London Borough of Croydon. * To identify the strategies that could be adopted by the governing bodies in London Borough of Croydon to address the issues of increasing teenage pregnancies. 1. LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Individual Factors Research studies have suggested that individual factors play an important role in teenage conceptions (Imamura et al., 2007). Children of teenage lone mothers are more vulnerable to become teenage parents (Botting et al. 1998). Members of some certain ethnic groups such as Caribbean and Asian are more likely to become teenage parents in comparison to white teenagers (Botting et al., 1998; Berthoud, 2001). Underperforming children at school who show little or no interest in learning and eventually drops out at early ages are also at a risk of becoming teenage parents (Kiernan, 1995). Research evidences have suggested that increased number of teenage pregnancies have also been observed in young children living in care or those who leave care (Imamura et al., 2007). According to Haldre et al. (2009) alcohol abuse in the family and lower levels of sexual knowledge also lead to higher number of teenage pregnancies. 1. Socio- Economic Factors According to Baker (2007), socio-economic disadvantages are one of the major causes of teenage pregnancies. Teenagers who are detached or detach themselves from the society as a result of discrimination or lack of support from the society are highly vulnerable to early pregnancies. Social disadvantages as identified by England’s Social Exclusion Unit includes unemployment, poor quality of health, living in deprived areas, having lower levels of skills, poor housing facilities, family fall outs and low income (SEU, 2001). Gruber (2009) argued that individuals become socially disadvantaged when they are denied their basic rights and the opportunities to become an active part of the society which leas to involvements in crimes and other illegal activities. Research studies have suggested that children of socially disadvantaged young parents live in poverty (Baker, 2007). However, not many evidences are present in the literature about the contribution of poverty to teenage pregnancies and this area needs more exploration. According to a research study by Arai (2009), poverty is common in households where the head of the household is a teenager. MacPhail and Campbell (2001) identified that poverty pose an influential impact on the decisions of teenagers to buy contraceptives leading to unintended teenage pregnancies which further leads to lack of finance and support. Trapani (1999) found out that in most cases of teenage pregnancies boyfriends of teenage pregnant girls hesitate from taking the responsibility of the child due to its impact on their educational and employment opportunities. This rejection from partners can cause depression in teenage mothers and their children could significantly suffer in many ways as a result of this depression. It is clear from the preliminary literature review that individual, social and economic factors play an important role in increased number of teenage conceptions. Recent reports published by NHS suggest that government has taken a number of steps to reduce teenage pregnancies; however, despite of these measures the success rate is low. This leads to the formulation of the research question for this study which is to understand why is teenage pregnancy increasing and what more factors are contributing to this problem in addition to the ones identified by previous research studies 1. METHODOLOGY 1. Research Philosophy and Approach Positivist research philosophy has been adopted for this research study. Positivist research philosophy will allow gathering quality data, having high validity in a natural setting (Belk, 2008). Research approach can be inductive or deductive depending upon the type of the research study and for this qualitative research study inductive research approach has been adopted. The advantages of inductive research approach include its flexibility and its supportive framework that effectively allows the formulation of new models (Monsen and Horn, 2007). 1. Research Strategy An exploratory case study research strategy has been undertaken for the accomplishment of the aim of this research study because of its effectiveness in exploring the problem understudy and because of its proficiency in unveiling new issues (Walsh and Wigens, 2003). This research strategy is extremely time consuming and provides no control over the information provided by the participants; however, according to Kumar (2008) the researcher can effectively overcome these problems through his/her competent research skills. 1. Data Collection and Analysis Primary as well as secondary data will be collected for this research study. Secondary data will be collected from the reports published by NHS, books, journals and news articles. Both the qualitative and quantitative sources of information will be explored. The advantages of include time effectiveness, cost effectiveness and the ease of access to the information. Invalid or incomplete pieces of information and possible confusion due to the availability of huge amount of information are few limitations of this data collection method (Kumar, 2011). Primary data will be collected by conducting semi- structured interviews because of its efficacy in establishing an informal two way conversation between the researcher and the participant (Carter and Thomas, 1997). Data will be analysed in a step wise manner (Maykut and Morehouse, 1994). Firstly all the responses will be carefully examined followed by the unitization and categorisation of different pieces of information. Finally the responses will be interpreted. 1. Target Population and Access The target population for this research study are the pregnant teenagers attending antenatal clinics in Croydon and the sample size would be 15. Initially contact over the phone was established with a supervisor of midwives to arrange a meeting in order to explain the benefits of this research study. It was decided in the meeting that the invitation for participating in the research study will be given to the pregnant teenagers by the midwives attending antenatal clinics in local medical practices. Pregnant teenagers willing to participate will be given a date and time for the interviews after consulting the researcher and all the interviews will take place in a room within the medical practices so that an assuring environment could be provided to the participants. 1. Ethical Considerations Participation will be voluntary, anonymity will be maintained, information about the study will be provided to the participants and written consents will be taken prior to the interviews. Information collected will only be used by the researcher. 1. Validity, Reliability and Generalisability To maintain the reliability and validity of the data all the measures will be taken to avoid the chances of errors during face-to-face interviews and when analysing the data. Generalisability is the potential limitation of the research study as the results might not completely reflect the condition in other Boroughs of England. 1. CONCLUSION In conclusion, despite of the limitation this research study will effectively contribute towards the information present in the literature about the factors causing the increase in the number of teenage conceptions. How to cite Teenage pregnancy in Croydon – literature review and research outline, Essays

Waste to Energy free essay sample

Waste-to-energy Taking Care of Garbage Michelle Rowland Buena Vista University Waste-to-energy Taking Care of Garbage We all have to share this world with its limited resources. We must take advantage of all resources we have, regardless if they came from the earth, are man made, or are waste products. The average person in America throws away 3. 7 pounds of garbage every day (Resource Recovery Public Works, 2009). It is no surprise that this leads to landfills that are filling faster than we ever thought due to more people and the increasing throwaway economy. We are facing geological limits for landfills in many areas. Waste-to-energy is a productive method of relieving stresses on natural and man made resources. Waste-to-energy plants turn problems into energy solutions by reducing the amount of garbage and using the energy from the trash as a resource for energy. Running out of landfills Many areas are running out of landfills and the space to develop any landfill. We will write a custom essay sample on Waste to Energy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For instance, New York was one of the first major cities to run out of landfill space. The landfill for the New York area was closed in March 2001, leaving New York to haul garbage to landfill sites in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. New York’s garbage alone accounts for over 12,000 tons going to other landfills daily. In addition, Toronto, Canada’s largest city closed its last landfill on December 31, 2002. Toronto is hauling their garbage to Michigan. The landfills of Athens, Greece reached capacity and closed at the end of 2006. The garbage of Athens is sitting in their streets as communities in Greece have been unwilling to take the Athens garbage. Athens is facing a garbage crisis. China is facing similar challenges. Some areas of China are letting the garbage sit on unoccupied areas where the landfills have closed (Brown, 2008). The increase of garbage in the streets will have damaging affects on the health and livelihoods of the citizens of the area. Garbage is garbage whether it’s in our own backyard or across the world. Consequently, reducing the amount of trash is beneficial for everyone and using waste-to-energy facilities will help landfills last longer. Garbage gas energy One method of using landfills as a resource for energy is to utilize the methane that is produced in landfills. We don’t have a shortage of landfills or their gases; it makes sense to use the products that they produce. The methane can generate electricity in power plants. Brown (2008) stated that Atlanta, Georgia has invested in capturing methane and building a pipeline to a carpet factory, where they use the methane to supplement their energy source. The landfill and the factory both reduce greenhouse gases being a win-win for both of them. Jackson (2009) reported the landfill in Gaston County North Carolina and the county’s public works departments are partnering to produce electricity. The proposed landfill electric plant will convert the methane into electricity. The landfill has begun collecting the gases and will reduce the amount of methane that is flared out (Jackson, 2009). By reducing the amount of methane being flared out they reduce the amount escaping into the atmosphere. The methane continues to be produced on a daily basis long after the cell reaches its capacity. Consequently, using methane energy is a clear advantage for the use of the harmful gas and should be utilized in as many landfills as possible. One disadvantage with methane energy is that does not reduce the amount of garbage going to landfills.